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Recent research in different domains of expertise has shown that expert performance is predominantly mediated by which two factors?
1. Acquired complex skills &
2. Physiological adaptation
Extended deliberate practice allows experts to circumvent basic limits on human cognitive processing. What are these? (2)
Circumvent basic limits on...
1. Working memory capacity &
2. Sequential processing
How does the present review define expert performance ? In terms of consistency, specificity and administration
Expert performance:
consistently superior performance on a specific set of representative tasks for the domain that can be administered to any subject
Usually if some is performing at least ____ _____ ____ above the mean level, they can be said to be performing at expert level
AT LEAST 2 standard deviations above the mean level in the population (N.B. of performers/players)
What kind of reasoning do experts employ? Explain.
Forward reasoning:
e.g. as they read description of problem situation, an integrated representation is generated and updated, so when they finally encounter the question in the problem text, they simple retrieve a solution plan from memory
Why is it difficult to identify the factor(s) that lead to maximal performance from childhood to adulthood? Clue: training condition
As children, future international-level performers/experts are NOT randomly assigned to their training condition - you cannot rule out possibly that there is something different about those individuals who ultimately reach expert-level performance
What is the 'traditional' view of talent? Is it consist with reviewed evidence?
Traditional view of talent:
concludes that successful individuals have special innate abilities and basic capacities .
NO.
What are the more plausible loci of individual differences regarding deliberate practice? (2)
Factors that predispose individuals toward engaging in deliberate practice AND enable them to sustain high levels of practice for many years
In which area of performance is the most marked age-related decline generally observed?
Perceptual-motor performance (sports)
True or False? The estimated amount of deliberate practice that individuals can sustain for extended periods of time does not seem to vary across domains
TRUE.
Close to 4 hours a day
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