Principles Of Marketing Ch.9

Front 1

Cultural, social, ethical forces

Back 1

marketing activities are influenced by beliefs &
values regarding family, religion, education, health, & recreation. Local
preferences, tastes & idioms can all prove complicated for international marketers.
Sometimes marketing is mistranslated & it can be difficult to transfer marketing
symbols, trademarks, & logos. Cultural differences affect marketing negotiations
between international companies. Consumer preferences from products; therefore
when products are introduced from one nation into another, acceptance is far more
likely if similarities exist between the 2 cultures. The use of payoffs & bribes is
common in many other countries, because U.S trade & corporate policy (& U.S law)
prohibits direct involvement in payoffs & bribes, U.S firms may have a hard time
competing with foreign firms.

Front 2

import tariff

Back 2

a duty levied by a nation on goods bought outside its borders
& brought into the country

Front 3

quota

Back 3

a limit on the amount of goods an importing country will accept for
certain product categories in a specific period of time

Front 4

embargo

Back 4

a government's suspension of trade in a particular product or
with a given country, usually for politcal, health, or religious reasons

Front 5

exchange controls

Back 5

government restrictions on the amount of a particular
currency that can be bought or sold, these can limit international trade

Front 6

Balance of Trade

Back 6

the difference in value between a nation's exports and is imports;
countries may limit imports to maintain a favorable balance of trade

Front 7

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

Back 7

the market value of a nations total output of goods &
services for a given period; an overall measure of economic standing, the U.S. has the
largest GDP of all the world

Front 8

Political & Legal forces

Back 8

a country's legal & regulatory infrastructure is a direct
reflection of the political climate in the country; the political climate, political
officials & trade agreements directly affect legislation & regulation; a nation's
political system, laws, regulatory bodies, special-interest groups, and courts all
have an impact on international marketing

Front 9

Intellectual property rights

Back 9

the copyrighted or trademarked ideas & creative
materials developed to solve problems, carry out applications, educate, & entertain
others; the internet has created many issues with this. In many Asian countries,
piracy laws are not truly enforced like in the U.S; countereit software, books, music,
& designer products can be found almost anywhere