Principles Of Drug Action Unit 2

Front 1

Drug administration phase

Back 1

The drug administration phase describes the method by which a drug dose is made available to the body

Front 2

Drug Dose form

Back 2

Physical state of the drug in association with non-drug compenents.

Front 3

Route of administration

Back 3

POrtal or entry for the drug into the body

Front 4

Enteral Drug route

Back 4

Drugs intended to be absorbed in the GI tract

Front 5

Parenteral

Back 5

Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutanously

Front 6

Transdermal

Back 6

Absorbed percutanously

Front 7

Devices for inhaled administration of drugs

Back 7

1_vaporizer
2)Atomizer
3)Nebulizer, small or large
4)Metered dose inhaler, with/without spacer
5)Dry Powder inhaler
6)Ultrasonic nebulizer

Front 8

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Back 8

Pharmacokinetic Phase of drug action describes the time course and deposition of a drug in the body, based on its absorption, metabolism, and elimination

Front 9

Definition of Absorption

Back 9

1)The process by which a drug gets introduced to the body in a way it can be distributed
2)Involves the ability (or inability) of a drug to cross different barriers (cell membranes, lipid membranes, etc).

Front 10

Distribution

Back 10

1)Process by which a drug is transported to its sites of action, eliminated, and stored

Front 11

Distribution Continued

Back 11

1)Intended distribution may be systemic or local
2)To be effective, a drug must deliver a high enough concentration at an intended site

Front 12

Metabolism of a drug

Back 12

Complex Processes that cause the biotransformation or metabolism of a drug

Front 13

Where is the main site of drug metabolism

Back 13

In the liver

Front 14

Elimination phase

Back 14

1)Primary site for the excretion of drugs is the kidneys
2)Maintenance dose-dose needed to equal the rate of elimination to maintain a steady concentration of the drug

Front 15

Critical threshold

Back 15

The minimum of drug concentration needed for a therapeutic effect

Front 16

L/T ratio

Back 16

Lung availability versus total systemic availability

Front 17

Factors increasing the L/T ratio with inhaled drugs

Back 17

1)Efficient delivery devices
2)Inhaled drugs with a high first pass metabolism
3)Use of a resovoir device

Front 18

Pharmacodynamic phase

Back 18

Describes the mechanisms of drug action by which a drug molecule causes its effects on the body

Front 19

Structure/Activity relations in the pharmacodynamic phase

Back 19

Relationship between a drug's chemical structure and its clinical effect or activity

Front 20

Nature and type of drug receptors

Back 20

1)Most receptors are proteins or polypeptides whose shape and electric charge provide a match to the drug's corresponding shape and charge.
2)Receptor proteins can be found on the cell's surface and within the cell
3)Resultant complex molecular mechanism translates, or, even better, tranduces a signal into an intracellular sequence that controls cell function

Front 21

Types of transmembrane signalling

Back 21

1)Lipid soluble drugs cross the cell membranes and act on intracellular receptors
2)Drug attaches to an extracellular portion of a protein receptor which projects into the cell's protoplasm
3)Ion channels
4)Second messenger system

Front 22

G protein signalling

Back 22

Drug attaches to a transmembrane receptor that is coupled to an intracellular enzyme by a g protein

Front 23

Examples of drugs that use g-protein signalling

Back 23

Beta-adrenergic agents, and acetycholine at parasympathetic nerve endings

Front 24

Dose-response relations

Back 24

1)Response of a drug is proportional to the drug concentration, As drug concentration increases, the numbers of receptors increase, and the drug effect also increases up to a maximal point

Front 25

ED 50

Back 25

The dose that produces 50 percent of teh maximal effect

Front 26

Agonist

Back 26

Drug or chemical that binds to a corresponding receptor (has affinity)and initiates an cellular response (has efficacy)

Front 27

Antagonist

Back 27

Drug or chemical that is able to bind to a receptor, but causes no response.

Front 28

ED50 gives information about___

Back 28

Potency. Two drugs could have differential maixmal responses, but similar potency.

Front 29

ED 50 inflection point

Back 29

At the steepest part of the curve(the ED50), minor changes in the dose have the greatest effect.

Front 30

Corticosteriods___

Back 30

Change transcription of DNA.

Front 31

Steroids____

Back 31

Reduce inflammation, work on the innermost layer of the epithelial cells

Front 32

Beta one receptors

Back 32

Are in the heart

Front 33

First Pass effect

Back 33

The meds that get absorbed in the stomach. Will cause a systemic effect.

Front 34

Fours phases of the pharmacokinetic phase

Back 34

1)Absorption
2)Metabolism
3)Elimination
4)Distribution