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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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earthquake
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The shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface.
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stress
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A force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume.
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shearing
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Stress that pushes a mass of rock in opposite directions.
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tension
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Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle.
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compression
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Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks.
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deformation
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A change in the volume or shape of Earth's crust.
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fault
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A break in Earth's crust where slabs of rock slip past each other.
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strike-slip fault
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A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion.
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normal fault
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A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downward; caused by tension in the crust.
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hanging wall
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The block of rock that froms the upper half of the fault.
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footwall
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The block of rock that forms the lower half of a fault.
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reverse fault
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A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward.
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fault-block mountain
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A mountain that forms where a normal fault uplifts a block of rock.
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folds
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A bend in rock that forms where part of Earth's crust is compressed.
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anticline
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An upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's crust.
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syncline
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A downward fold in rock formed by compression in Earth's crust.
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plateau
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A large area of flat land elevated high above sea level.
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focus
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The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake.
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epicenter
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The point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus.
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seismic waves
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A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake.
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P waves
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A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground.
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S waves
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A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side.
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surface waves
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A type of seismic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface.
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seismograph
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A device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth.
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magnitude
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The measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults.
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mercalli scale
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A scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they cause.
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richter scale
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A scale that rates seismic waves as measured by a particular type of mechanical seismograph.
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moment magnitude scale
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A scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake.
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