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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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volcano
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A weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface.
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magma
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The molten mixture of rock forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle.
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lava
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Liquid magma that reaches the surface; also the rock formed when liquid lava hardens.
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Ring of Fire
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A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean.
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island arc
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A string of islands fromed by the volcanoes along a deep ocean trench.
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hot spot
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An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it.
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magma chamber
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The pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects.
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pipe
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A long tube through wich magma moves from the magma chamber to Earth's surface.
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vent
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The opening through which molten rock and gas leave a volcano.
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lava flow
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The area covered by lava as it pours outof a volcano's vent.
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crater
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A bowel-shaped area that forms around a volcano's central opening.
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silica
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A material that is formed from the elements oxygen and silicon; found in magma.
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pahoehoe
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A hot, fast-moving type of lava that hardens to form smooth, ropelike coils.
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aa
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A slow-moving type of lava that hardens to form rough chunks; cooler than pahoehoe.
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pyroclastic flow
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The expulsion of ash, cinders, bombs, and gases during an explosive volcanic eruption.
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active
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Said of a volcano that is erupting or has shown signs of erupting in the near future.
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dormant
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Said of a volcano that does not show signs of erupting in the near future.
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extinct
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Said of a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again.
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hot spring
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A pool formed by groundwater that has risen to the surface after being heated by a nearby body of magma.
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geyser
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A foundtain of water and steam that builds up pressure underground and erupts at regular intervals.
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geothermal energy
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Energy from water or steam that has been heated by magma.
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shield volcano
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A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions.
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cinder cone
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A steep, cone-shaped hill or mountain made of volcanic ash, cinders, and bombs piled up around a volcano's opening.
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composite volcano
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A tall, cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash and other volcanic materials.
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caldera
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The large hole at the tope of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses.
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volcanic neck
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A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe.
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dike
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A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers.
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sill
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A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock.
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batholith
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A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cooled inside the crust.
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