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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Skinner |
Operant Conditioning - rewards and/or punishment |
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Pavlov |
Classical conditioning - bell ringing |
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Bandura |
studied children imitating a model's aggression toward the Bobo doll |
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Define semantic knowledge. |
to attend to, store, and recall information |
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What theory of learning is Jerome Bruner associated with? What two terms did Bruner come up with? And define these terms. |
Constructivism. scaffolding - support that learners need when faced with a task that presents too much of a challenge; spiraling curriculum - keep revisiting topics but increase the complexity |
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What theory of learning is John Dewey associated with? What is kind of learning did Dewey think was best? What did he call this type of learning? What is he known for? |
Constructivism; authentic activities in the community; inquiry learning - student-centered, problem-solving; leader of progressive education movement in America early 20th century |
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Vygotsky - what term is he known for (and define that term), what learning theory is associated with |
Zone of Proximal Development - students learn with help from more knowledgeable others; Sociocultural Theory |
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Who said that our understanding of the world is organized into schemes? What are schemes? Give 2 examples. |
Jean Piaget; an organized group of similar actions or thoughts that are used repeatedly in response to the environment; riding a bike, adding and subtracting numbers |
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Name 4 stages of cognitive development and their corresponding age ranges. Identify who came up with them. |
Sensorimotor 0-2 years; Preoperational 2-7 years; Concrete Operational 7-11 years; Formal Operational 11 years - on; Jean Piaget |
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What theory of development is Piaget associated with? What about Kohlberg? |
Both Cognitive-Developmental Theory, which is associated with constructivism (?!?) |
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What are the 3 domains of development? What are the 5 periods of development? |
Pysical, cognitive, and socioemotional; infancy 0-2, early childhood 2-6, middle childhood 6-10, early adolescence 10-14, late adolescence 14-18 |
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What are Kohlberg's 6 stages of moral development? Separate them by 3 levels. |
1. Preconventional: obedience & punishment, self-interest 2. Conventional: social norms, authority and social-order maintaining 3. Post-conventional: social contract (democratic government) and universal ethical principles |
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Operant conditioning becomes useful as children mature because |
the behaviors and its consequences can be separated by time. |
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What is the most clearly identified factor for explaining learning differences between boys and girls? |
the differences in their brain development |
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What does Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act do? |
Ensure free participation in any program that receives federal money. |
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Who identified intelligence as a single factor "g"? Define "g". |
Spearman; theoretical general factor in intelligence that influences one's ability to learn in a variety of contexts |
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Who defined general intelligence as triarchic? What are the categories? |
Sternberg; analytical, creative, and practical |
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What is fluid intelligence |
information-processing abilities |
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Name Gardner's multiple intelligences (7) |
linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, naturalist |
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What year was IDEA? What age does it provide support until? List its 7 tenets. |
1975; 21; free & appropriate education, fair & nondiscriminatory evaluation, education in the LRE, an IEP, due process, zero reject, parent & student participation |
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What year was the ADA? |
1990 |
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What SPED category is mental retardation classified under? |
General delays in cognitive and social functioning |
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What is the IQ for gifted students? What is the mean IQ of the general population set at? Standard deviation? |
> 125 ish, mean is 100, s.d. is 15 |
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What is functional analysis? |
involves examining situations of inappropriate behavior to identify the purpose of the behavior for the learner |
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What is the entity view of intelligence? |
view that intelligence is permanent and unchangeable |
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Which law is more associated with preventing discrimination - IDEA or Section 504? |
504 |
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What is negative reinforcement? Provide an example. |
Something bad is ended or taken away so that a behavior increases. reducing seat work amount to encourage quiet behavior |
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What is Edward Thorndike known for? |
his theory of the Law of Effect - specified that behavior followed by satisfying consequences would then be repeated. Ex: having students tell their teammates "Good shot!" |
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What is John Watson known for? |
Little Albert experiment; established school of behaviorism |
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Who is the pioneer of behaviorism as a theory of human motivation? |
Edward Thorndisk |
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What is Abrahamm Maslow's hierarchy of needs? |
physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization |
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What does social cognitive theory emphasize? |
The importance of self-efficacy |
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What is attribution theory? |
looks at learning's beliefs or attributes about why various things happen to them - e.g. why they do well or poorly on academic tasks (like LUCKY!) |
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What are Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development? (8) |
trust v. mistrust 0-1 years, autonomy v. shame 1-3 years, initiative v. guilt 3-6 years, industry v. inferiority 6-11 years, identity v. role confusion 12-18 years, intimacy v. isolation 18 to 35 years, generatively v. stagnation - 35 to 64 years, integrity v. despair - 65 and on |
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What is Bloom's Taxonomy? |
1. knowledge 2. comprehension 3. application 4. analysis 5. synthesis 6. evaluation |
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What are didactic questions? |
focuses on facts - when, who what |
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What is scaffolding's primary intent? |
temporarily aid until the student can work independently |
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What is the IRE cycle? |
Questioning cycle - adult Initation ( q question), Child response, and adult Evlauation |
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What is a dynamic assessment? |
systematic examination of how easily a student can acquire new knowledge or skill
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Who supported ideas that education should aim to produce an intelligent electorate? |
John Dewey |
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What does the Equal Access Act of 1984 say? |
Guarantees the right for religious-affiliated groups to meet as a part of formal extracurricular activity |
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Which amendment gives due process? |
14th |
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What group identifies the skills and body of knowledge needed to educate students effective? |
National Board for Professional Teaching Standards |
