Posterior Triangle Of The Neck

Front 1

name the 3 main compartments in the column of the neck

Back 1

1. visceral compartment: contains the trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland
2. vertebral: contains the vertebral column and neck muscles
3,4. vascular compartement: seen on either side of the neck. contains the common and intermal carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve

Front 2

what makes up the superior boundary of the neck

Back 2

inferior margin of the mandible, mastoid process, superior nucal line, and
inion (superior occipital protuberance)

Front 3

what makes up the inferior boundary of the neck

Back 3

sternum, clavicle, acromion of scapula, and 7th cervical vertebra

Front 4

what structures are coursing in the posterior triangle

Back 4

structures between the neck/thorax and upper limb

Front 5

what structures are coursing in the anterior triangle

Back 5

those commiunicating between the head and thorax

Front 6

what structure is found at C3

Back 6

hyoid bone

Front 7

what structure will you find at the C4, C5 level

Back 7

thyroid cartilage and laryngeal prominence, and bifurcation of common carotid artery

Front 8

what structures are found at the C6 level

Back 8

cricothyroid ligament, circoid cartilage, thyroid gland

Front 9

this section of the neck is anterior to the SCM

Back 9

anterior triangle

Front 10

this section of the neck is posterior to the SCM

Back 10

posterior triangle

Front 11

what will you find deep to the SCM

Back 11

sternomastoid bed: anterior half= cervical plexus, inferior half = carotid sheath

Front 12

where does the SCM attach

Back 12

sternum, clavicle, mastoid process

Front 13

this cervical disorder is caused by a unilateral shortening of the SCM.. what does this look like

Back 13

called Torticollis!
If the SCM is flexed unilaterally the neck is flexed so that the ear reaches the tip of the shoulder and rotates the chin to the opposite side

Front 14

name the borders of the posterior triangle

Back 14

posterior margin of the SCM
anterior margin of the trapezius
middle 1/3 of the clavicle

Front 15

name the borders of the anterior triangle

Back 15

the midline
inferior margin of the mandible
anterior margin of the SCM

Front 16

how is the posterior triangle divided

Back 16

posterior triangle is divided by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle into:
1. occipital triangle
2. supraclavicular triangle

Front 17

what muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle

Back 17

From superior down:
-semispinalis capitis
-splenius capitis
-levator scapulae
-scalenes: posterior, medius, anterior
-serratus anterior

Front 18

what covers the muscles that make up the floor of the posterior triangle

Back 18

pre-vertebral layer of deep cervical fascia from above downward

Front 19

where will you find the cervical plexus

Back 19

on the scalenus medius muscle covered by prevertebral fascia

Front 20

where will you find the Accessory nerve in the posterior triangle

Back 20

it passes across the posterior triangle superficial to the levator scapulae

Front 21

what muscles does the accessory nerve (CN 11) innervate

Back 21

SCM and the trapezius

Front 22

true or false: if your SCM is nicked you will lose both your trapezius and your SCM

Back 22

FALSE: you will only lose yur trapezius b/c your SCM is innervated by other nerves

Front 23

where will you find the cervical plexus

Back 23

on the scalenus medius muscle covered by prevertbral fascia

Front 24

what forms the cervical plexus

Back 24

anterior rami of C1-C4. ea. ramus except C1 divides into ascending and descending branches uniting together ot form 3 loops

Front 25

what does the descending part of C4 contribute to

Back 25

brachial plexus

Front 26

name the 4 cutaneous branches of the SCM

Back 26

1. lesser occipital (C2)
2. Great auricular nerve (C2,3)
3. transverse cervical nerve (C2,3)
4. supraclavicular nerve (C3,4)

Front 27

where will you see the lesser occipital nerve running and what does it innervate

Back 27

ascends along the posterior border of the SCM to suply the neck and scalp posterior superior to the auricle

Front 28

this nerve runs posterior superior to the great auricular

Back 28

lesser occipital

Front 29

this nerve ascends ACROSS the SCM to supply the skin over the parotid gand and around the angle of the mandible

Back 29

great auricular

Front 30

where will you see the transvers cervical nerve running

Back 30

passes horizontally from posterior triangle to anterior triangle to the midline

Front 31

what are the 3 branches of the supraclavicular and where will you find them

Back 31

the supraclavicular nerve begins at the posterior border of the SCM and descends. the 3 branches:
1. medial suprasternal (closest to midline)
2. intermediate supraclavicular
3. lateral supra-acromial brannches

Front 32

this nerve supplies the skin over the shoulder and upper chest via 3 sets of branches

Back 32

supraclavicular nerves

Front 33

what makes up Erb's point

Back 33

the cutaneous branches (all sensory)
lesser occipital nerve, great auricular nerve, transverse cervical nerve, and supraclavicular nerve

Front 34

what nerves contribute to the ansa cervicalis

Back 34

the nerve loop of the ansa cervicalis comes from nerves C1-3

Front 35

what does the ansa cervicalis supply

Back 35

the strap muscles (anterior neck muscles)

Front 36

what are the functions of the infrahyoid muscles

Back 36

depress the hyolaryngeal structures, which are important during swallowing and vocalization , they also enable movements of the hyoid to be transmitted to thyroid cartilage

Front 37

what roots contribute to the superior root of the ansa cervicalis

Back 37

C1 and C2

Front 38

what roots contribute to the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis

Back 38

C2 and C3

Front 39

name the superficial strap muscles

Back 39

sternohyoid, and the omohyoid (omo = means shoulder)

Front 40

name the deep layer of strap muscles

Back 40

thyrohyoid and the sternothyroid

Front 41

all of the strap muscles are supplied by the ansa cervicalis except which muscle

Back 41

thyrohyoid which is instead supplied by C1 fibers leaving the hypolossal nerve

Front 42

is the ansa cervicalis sensory, motor, or mixed

Back 42

only motor

Front 43

this portion of the ansa cervicalis descends within the carotid sheath

Back 43

inferior root of the ansa... it passes between the internal jugular veing and the common carotid artery

Front 44

this nerve descends on the anterior scalene muscle

Back 44

phrenic nerve

Front 45

what contributes to the phrenic nerve

Back 45

C3, C4, C5 keep the diaphragm alive

Front 46

name the branches of the subclavian artery

Back 46

1. common carotid artery
2. vertebral artery (runs through the cervical vertebra)
3. thyrocervical trunk

Front 47

name the branches of the thyrocervical trunk (a branch off of the subclavian artery)

Back 47

1. suprascapular artery
2. transverse cervical artery
3. ascending cervical artery
4. inferior thyroid artery

Front 48

what veins will you find in the posterior triangle

Back 48

The right subclavian
branches:
- external jugular vein
- superficial cervical vein

Front 49

all the lymph from the head and neck eventually drains into these lymph nodes

Back 49

deep cervical nodes which drain into the right lymphatic duct or the throacic duct

Front 50

these lymph nodes of the head and neck are the most ocmmonly palpated in order to check for infection or lymphoma

Back 50

submandibular nodes

Front 51

these lymph nodes drain the anterior auricle found anterior to the ear

Back 51

parotid nodes

Front 52

these lymph nodes are found posterior to the ear and drains the postero-lateral par of the scalp

Back 52

mastoid nodes

Front 53

these lymph nodes are situiated and drains the posterior scalp and neck

Back 53

occipital nodes

Front 54

true or false the phrenic is sensory and motor neurons

Back 54

true