Anatomy (Posterior Triangle Of The Neck)

Front 1

what forms the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 1

middle 1/3 of clavicle (inferiorly)
posterior edge of SCM (anteriorly)
anterior edge of trapezius (posteriorly)

Front 2

what is at the apex of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 2

superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Front 3

what forms the roof and floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 3

roof - investing layer of deep cervical fascia

floor - prevertebral fascia

Front 4

what are the attachments of the sternocleidomastoideus (SCM)?

Back 4

mastoid process of temporal bone
medial 1/3 of clavicle
sternum (manubrium)

Front 5

what innervates the SCM?

Back 5

accessory nerve (CN XI)

Front 6

what are the actions of the SCM?

Back 6

bilateral contraction - flexes head
unilateral contraction - turns head contralaterally, & extends head

accessory muscle of respiration

Front 7

what does the accessory nerve innervate first?

Back 7

SCM
trapezius

Front 8

what is superficial to the accessory nerve?

Back 8

skin
platysma

within the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Front 9

what divides the posterior triangle of the neck into two regions? what is in the inferior region that makes it particularly dangerous?

Back 9

accessory nerve (CN XI)

cervical plexus is in inferior region

Front 10

what fascia covers the SCM, trapezius and posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 10

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Front 11

what is included in the contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 11

accessory nerve (CN XI)
cutaneous cervical nerves
external jugular vein
occipital lymph nodes
supraclavicular lymph nodes
inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Front 12

which cutaneous cervical nerves are contained within the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 12

lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
supraclavicular

Front 13

what lymph nodes are contained within the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 13

supraclavicular lymph nodes
occipital lymph nodes

Front 14

from where does the lesser occipital nerve arise?

Back 14

anterior ramus of C2

Front 15

from where does the greater auricular nerve arise?

Back 15

anterior rami of C2 and C3

Front 16

from where is the transverse cervical nerve derived?

Back 16

anterior rami of C2 and C3

Front 17

from where are the supraclavicular nerves derived?

Back 17

anterior rami of C3 and C4

Front 18

what is innervated by the lesser occipital nerve (C2)?

Back 18

skin posterior to ear and superficial to mastoid process

Front 19

what is innervated by the greater auricular nerve (C2, C3)?

Back 19

skin over upper aspect of SCM
ear lobe
fascia over parotid gland

Front 20

what is innervated by the transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)?

Back 20

skin over adam's apple

Front 21

what is innervated by the supraclavicular nerves?

Back 21

overlap with the area of the upper thoracic intercostal nerves, exhibiting referred pain from the pleura and peritoneum

Front 22

from where is the phrenic nerve derived?

Back 22

C3, C4, C5

Front 23

from where is the sensory nerve to trapezius derived?

Back 23

C3, C4

Front 24

what is another name for the occipital lymph nodes?

Back 24

suboccipital lymph nodes

Front 25

where are the occipital lymph nodes?

Back 25

apex of the posterior triangle of the neck

Front 26

what becomes enlarged with german measles or a scalp infection?

Back 26

occipital (suboccipital) nerves

Front 27

what muscles are beneath the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck (from posterior to anterior)?

Back 27

*semispinalis capitis
splenius capitis
levator scapulae
scalene muscles (posterior, middle, anterior)
*serratus anterior

*=not always

Front 28

what forms the scalene mass?

Back 28

posterior scalene
middle scalene

Front 29

what are the attachments of the middle scalene muscle?

Back 29

posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae

rib 1

Front 30

what are the attachments of the posterior scalene muscle?

Back 30

posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae

rib 2

Front 31

what are the attachments of the anterior scalene muscle?

Back 31

anterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae 3-6

rib 1

Front 32

which of the scalene muscles is posterior to the subclavian artery?

Back 32

scalene medius
scalene posterior

Front 33

which of the scalene muscles is anterior to the subclavian artery?

Back 33

scalene anterior

Front 34

what is separated by the scalene anterior?

Back 34

subclavian artery from subclavian vein

Front 35

which cervical vertebrae have anterior tubercles on the transverse processes?

Back 35

C3, C4, C5, and C6

Front 36

what is covered by the prevertebral fascia?

Back 36

vertebral column
prevertebral muscles of neck
postvertebral muscles of neck
subclavian artery
3 trunks of brachial plexus
loops of cervical plexus
floor of posterior triangle of neck

Front 37

what fascia is drawn into the axilla as the axillary sheath?

Back 37

prevertebral fascia

Front 38

what is the clinical significance of the axillary sheath?

Back 38

infection route from posterior compartment of the neck to the axilla

(creates upper extremity signs and symptoms)

Front 39

what nerves are deep to the prevertebral fascia?

Back 39

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)
phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

Front 40

with what vein are most deep cervical lymph nodes associated?

Back 40

internal jugular vein (deep to SCM)

Front 41

what is drained by the lateral group of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes?

Back 41

back of the scalp and neck

Front 42

the subclavian vein is a continuation of what vein?

Back 42

axillary vein

(beginning at lateral border of rib 1, and ending at scalene anterior muscle)

Front 43

what veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Back 43

subclavian vein
internal jugular vein

Front 44

where can one compress the subclavian artery for control of bleeding in the axilla and upper limb?

Back 44

on rib 1

Front 45

from which artery does the dorsal scapular artery branch?

Back 45

transverse cervical artery

Front 46

what is the anatomical anomaly involved with the dorsal scapular artery?

Back 46

branching from the subclavian artery rather than the transverse cervical artery

Front 47

what is supplied by the dorsal scapular artery?

Back 47

vertebral border of scapula
rhomboidei

Front 48

what is inferior to the subclavian artery?

Back 48

rib 1
pleura of apex of lung

Front 49

what is posterior to the subclavian artery?

Back 49

scalenus medius
lower trunk of brachial plexus

Front 50

what is anterior to the subclavian artery?

Back 50

scalenus anterior

Front 51

what are the branches of the subclavian artery?

Back 51

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery

Front 52

where is the first part of the subclavian artery? what are its branches?

Back 52

origin to medial border of scalenus anterior

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

Front 53

where is the second part of the subclavian artery? what are its branches?

Back 53

behind scalenus anterior

costocervical trunk

Front 54

where is the third part of the subclavian artery? what are its branches?

Back 54

between lateral border of scalenus anterior and lateral border of rib 1

dorsal scapular artery

Front 55

what are the branches from the thyrocervical trunk (from the first part of the subclavian artery)?

Back 55

inferior thyroid artery
suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery

Front 56

what are the branches from the costocervical trunk (from the second part of the subclavian artery)?

Back 56

highest intercostal artery
deep cervical artery

Front 57

what is supplied by the suprascapular (transverse scapular) artery?

Back 57

supraspinous fossa
infraspinous fossa
contents of fossae

Front 58

what is supplied by the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery?

Back 58

superficial branch runs over levator scapulae and supplies the posterior surface of the trapezius

Front 59

what is supplied by the deep branches of the transverse cervical artery?

Back 59

deep branches run deep to levator scapulae and supply the rhomboidei and medial border of scapula

Front 60

what can replace the deep branches of the transverse cervical artery?

Back 60

dorsal scapular artery

Front 61

how are spinal nerves named?

Back 61

cervical - for vertebra under nerve
thoracic - for vertebra above nerve
lumbar - for vertebra above nerve
sacral - for vertebra above nerve