Posc Final

Front 1

Public Opinion

Back 1

Those opinions held by private persons whichgovernments find it prudent to heed

Front 2

Measurement Error

Back 2

Uncertainties in public opinion, as revealed byresponses to polls, that arise from the imperfect connection between thewording of survey questions and the terms in which people understand and thinkabout political objects

Front 3

Straw Poll

Back 3

An unofficial ballot conducted as a test of opinion

Front 4

Random Sample

Back 4

A subset of a population in which each memberhas an equal chance of being chosen

Front 5

Bias

Back 5

Asking questions that don’t bias the respondentis a challenge

Front 6

Push Poll

Back 6

An ostensible opinion poll in which the trueobjective is to sway voters using loaded or manipulative questions.

Front 7

Social Desirability

Back 7

The tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in amanner that will be viewed favorably by others

Front 8

Political Socialization

Back 8

The process of acquiring political attitudesthroughout childhood and young adulthood.

Front 9

Campaign

Back 9

Process by which individuals running for political office promote themselves to the public

Front 10

Stump Speech

Back 10

Standard political speech

Front 11

Party-Centered Campaign

Back 11

Candidate relied on their political party to raise money, organize, and campaign on their behalf

Front 12

Candidate-Centered Campaign

Back 12

Individuals now raise their own money, create their own organizations, and run their own campaigns

Front 13

Hard Money

Back 13

Political contribution that are restricted by election laws

Front 14

Soft Money

Back 14

Unregulated contributions to political parties or non-profit organizations

Front 15

Political Action Committees

Back 15

Organizations established by businesses, labor unions, and interest groups to channel financial contributions into political campaigns, but not directly to candidates

Front 16

Ad Type

Back 16

Issue vs. Character

Front 17

Ad Tone

Back 17

Attack/Negative, Promotional, Contrast

Front 18

Ad Appeal

Back 18

Emotional vs. Factual

Front 19

Rational Choice

Back 19

The decision is a rational choice calculated using a cost benefit ratio

Benefit - Cost = Participate

Front 20

Socioeconomic Theory of Participation

Back 20

Individual characteristics like income and education that predict the likelihood of participation

Front 21

Mobilization Theory

Back 21

People who are intentionally targeted and invited to participate are more likely to engage

Front 22

Civic Voluntarism Model

Back 22

There are three determinates of participation

1. Resources: Time, money, skills, information

2. Mobilization: informal networks (friends,family, etc.) and formal networks (political parties, non-profit, etc)

3. Interest: psychological desire to engage(learned)

Front 23

Low Information Rationality

Back 23

Rationality for voters to have little political information

Voters use information shortcuts to construct narratives about candidates

Front 24

Information Shortcut

Back 24

Use cues to draw conclusions

Party Identification

Personality Traits

Assessment of the "State of Things"

Front 25

Campaign Gaffe

Back 25

Mistake in campaign

Front 26

Ideologies

Back 26

A comprehensive, integrated set of views about government and policies

Front 27

Liberal

Back 27

Democrat

Front 28

Conservative

Back 28

Republican

Front 29

Party Identification

Back 29

Which party you feel resonates with your values

Front 30

Party Cue

Back 30

Messages that the party sends to people that align with party so you know how to position yourself with the parties values

Front 31

Party Polarization

Back 31

Cases in which an individual's stance on a given issue, policy, or person is more likely to be strictly defined by their identification with a particular political party or ideology

Front 32

Lobbying

Back 32

Activities through which individuals, interest groups,and other institutions seek to influence public policy by persuading governmentofficials to support their groups’ position.

Front 33

Lobbyist

Back 33

Professionals who work to influence publicpolicy in favor of their client’s interest

Front 34

Insider Lobbying Tactics

Back 34

Operating around DC, in cahoots with politicians(friends with them, building alliances)

Front 35

Outsider Lobbying Tactics

Back 35

Bring publicity to events

(on scene)

Front 36

What can PAC's do?

Back 36

Fundraise unlimited amounts of money

Make unlimited expenditures independently of a candidate or political party

Front 37

Watchdog

Back 37

informsthe public about goings-on in institutions and society, especially incircumstances where a significant portion of the public would demand changes inresponse.

Front 38

Agenda Setting

Back 38

Occurs when readers and watchers of news thatrelates to issues or topics are influenced by what the press covers in a veryspecific way – influencing what they think about, rather than what they think

Front 39

Priming

Back 39

This is about the issues/stories that the media chooses to discuss

Front 40

Framing

Back 40

This is about how the media presents those issues/stories