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122 Cards in this Set
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the activities associated with the governance of a country or other area, especially the debate or conflict among individuals or parties having or hoping to achieve power. |
Politics |
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A type of government in which people decide (vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly. |
Democratic Republic |
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holding to traditional attitudes and values and cautious about change or innovation, typically in relation to politics or religion. |
Conservative |
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open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values. Large gov't |
Liberal |
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Believes in higher taxes, larger gov't, pro choice, no guns, etc... |
Democrat |
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Lower taxes, smaller gov't influence, pro life, guns allowed, increased military spending, etc... |
Republican |
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open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values. Very small gov't |
Liberatarian |
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Differences from Direct democracy from a republic? |
In both, they vote to elect politicians to represent their interests and form the government. In a republic, a constitution or charter of rights protects certain inalienable rights that cannot be taken away by the government, even if it has been elected by a majority of voters. In a "pure democracy," the majority is not restrained in this way and can impose its will on the minority. |
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The unalienable rights, to in which citizens are born into and cannot be taken away by gov't |
Natural Rights |
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an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection |
social contract |
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The compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia Plans that created one chamber of the Congress based on population and one chamber representing each state equally |
the great compromise |
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The constitutional provision that makes the Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws. |
supremacy clause |
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Main Issues with articles of confederation? |
The gov't had no control over colonies. No constitution. Were not allowed to tax |
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What were some main differences between the Virginia and New Jersey plans? |
virginia was a bicameral legislature and new jersey was unicameral |
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What were the different mechanisms in place to ensure that no branch of gov't becomes too strong? |
separation of powers |
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What separated the Federalists and Anti-Federalists? |
Gov't Size, ratification of the constitution. |
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How can amendments be proposed and subsequently ratified? |
two thirds of house and senate have to vote for it |
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Powers specifically granted to the national government by the Constitution. |
Enumerated Powers |
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A political power not expressly named in a constitution but that is inferred because it is necessary to the performance of an enumerated power. |
implied powers |
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Powers held by the U.S. President which are not specified in the Constitution, but which are needed to efficiently perform the duties of the office. |
inherent powers |
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A model of federalism in which the states and the national government each remain supreme within their own spheres. The doctrine looks on nation and state as co-equal sovereign powers. |
dual federalism |
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A model of federalism in which the states and the national government cooperate in solving problems. |
cooperative federalism |
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The Constitutional obligation of each state to recognize and accept the judicial proceedings, public records, and legislative acts of every other state |
full faith and credit clause |
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empty |
empty |
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A requirement in federal legislation that forces states and municipalities to comply with certain rules. |
federal mandate |
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What are some benefits of having a federal system? Problems? |
Keeps balance of power between state and federal gov't. Sometime they disagree and things don't get done. |
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The clause in Article I, Section 8, that grants Congress the power to do whatever is necessary to execute its specifically delegated powers. |
necessary and proper clause |
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An election in which political parties choose their candidates for the general election. |
Primary Election |
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An election open to all eligible voters |
general election |
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A committee set up by and representing a corporation, labor union, or special interest group. |
PAC |
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A political organization that aggregates unlimited contributions by individuals and organizations to be spent independently of candidate committees. |
Super PAC |
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A meeting of party members to select candidates and propose policies. |
Caucus |
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The influence of a popular candidate on the success of other candidates on the same party ticket. |
Coattail effect |
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Different Ways money can make it to the campaign process? |
PAC, super PAC, 501c4, 527 |
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What is the importance of Citizens United v. FEC in regards to campaign finance? |
Harder to get away with over contributing to campaigns |
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What are the different types of primaries? |
open, closed, blanket, runoff |
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What is the role of the electoral college? |
This group officially elects the president and vice president of the United States. |
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How do voting patterns and voter turnout in the US compare to other countries? |
Its very low compared to other countries |
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Laws that are based on court or tribunal decisions, which govern future decisions on similar cases. |
Common Law |
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empty |
empty |
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To stand on decided cases; the judicial policy of following precedents established by past decisions |
stare decisis |
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A doctrine holding that the federal judiciary should take an active role by using its powers to check the activities of governmental bodies when those bodies exceed their authority. |
judicial activism |
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A doctrine holding that the courts should defer to the decisions made by the elected representatives of the people in the legislative and executive branches when possible. |
judicial restraint |
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The way in which court decisions are translated into policy. |
Judicial Implementation |
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What are different levels in the federal court system? |
district, circuit, supreme |
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What is the process by which a justice makes it in the federal court system? |
- |
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How many justices are on the supreme court? |
Nine |
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What case did the supreme court use as a vehicle for establishing its power of judicial review? |
Marbury vs Madison 1803 |
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first government for the colonies |
Mayflower Compact |
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The first of assembly of elected representatives |
House of Burgess |
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The father of constituton |
James Madison |
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He wrote the declaration of independance |
Thomas Jefferson |
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King of Great Britain during the American Revolution |
King George III |
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This book advocated independence for the colonies. Who wrote this? |
Thomas Paine and Common Sense |
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American farmers going against the gov't for taxes |
Shay's Rebellion |
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emtpy |
empty |
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Differences between the House of Reps (pop) and Senate (2 per state) |
435 people in House of reps Senate has 100 |
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Slaves can get 3/5 of a vote |
3/5 Compromise |
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Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness becomes Life, Liberty, and property? What is this? |
John Locke. This is for natural rights |
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British diplomat who published a work about democracy |
Alexis DeTocqueville |
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First 10 amendments |
Bill of Rights |
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A petition signed by a number of registered voters to cause a law to get changed. |
Ballot Initiative |
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An electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval. |
Referendum |
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A procedure allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official from state office before his or her term has expired. |
Recall= Forms of Direct Democracy |
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An economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth-creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract. |
Capitalism |
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The name given to one who was in favor of the adoption of the U.S. Constitution and the creation of a federal union with a strong central government. |
Federalism |
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Federalist #10: What are the key threats to a democratic form of gov't? |
Partisanship and democracy is not. Discussion is good |
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Federalist #51: What traits of government are needed? |
Checks and Balances |
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Federalist #78: According to Hamilton, what is the least dangerous branch of gov't? |
Judicial |
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A major principle of the American system of government whereby each branch of the government can check the actions of the others. |
Checks and Balances |
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Talked about naturals rights |
John Locke |
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Living Document vs Originalism |
A living document can be easily changed Originalism: go very strictly in a doc |
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Limited Gov't and values freedoms of individuals by adam smith |
Classical Liberalism |
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French and Indian War and how it leads to the "Great Squeeze" |
The war caused Britain to spend a lot of money, therefore taxing the colonies Great Squeeze: British parliament taxed colonies alot |
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Took away rights from Massachusetts by making an example out of them. |
Intolerable and Coercive Acts |
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emtpy |
empty |
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An organization to help fight the british gov't and its taxes |
Sam Adams / Sons of Liberty |
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Why is Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina important in elections |
they are early states in the primary |
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How much can a super PAC give to a campaign? |
unlimited |
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Super PACs cannot directly communicate with candidate |
Super PAC Coordinating rule |
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social welfare organizations |
501c4 |
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non-profit organizations |
527 |
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National Party Committee. How has its role changed since era of "Boss Tweed"? |
- |
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empty |
empty |
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Imposed a limit on how much individuals can donate to campaigns |
McCrutcheon v. FEC |
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voters choose all members of the U.S. House of Representatives and one-third of the members of the U.S. Senate. No presidential candidates on the ballot. |
Midterm elections |
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first televised debate |
Kennedy and Nixon Debate of 1960 |
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The act of manipulating election district lines so as to give one party or another as many votes as possible. |
Gerrymandering (packing, cracking) |
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How many votes are needed to win the electoral college? |
270 |
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Open primary vs closed primary |
Closed: A type of primary in which the voter is limited to choosing candidates of the party of which he or she is a member. Open:A primary in which any registered voter can vote (but must vote for candidates of only one party). |
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a person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference. |
Delegates |
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A party leader or elected official who is given the right to vote at the party's national convention |
Super delegates |
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contribute a lot of money to the national republican party |
Koch Brothers |
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The percentage of citizens taking part in the election process |
Voter Turnout in the US |
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Why do we remember Howard Dean from 2004? |
His scream |
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What is the individual donation limit on direct cash contribution to a candidate? |
$2,700 |
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What is the rise of the tea party? |
They threw the tea into the boston harbor |
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Relationship between congress, the bureaucracy, and interest groups in terms of finance and campaign support |
Iron Triangle |
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A small group of individuals who are led in discussion by a professional consultant in order to gather opinions on and responses to candidates and issues. |
Interest Group |
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Industries that help create materials for military use |
Military Industrial complex |
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seek to influence (a politician or public official) on an issue. |
Lobbying |
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What is the $50 limit? |
- |
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A theory that views politics as a conflict among interest groups. |
Pluralism |
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Supreme court justice that recently died |
Antonin Scalia |
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Supreme court justices can hold their job forever |
Life tenure |
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The general trial of the united states that hold both criminal and civil cases |
District Court trials |
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Their job was to determine whether the district court trial was correct |
Circuit Court appeals |
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In federal district court judgeship nominations, a tradition allowing a senator to veto a judicial appointment in his or her state. |
Senatorial courtesy |
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How many cases does the Writ of Certiorari hear in a year? |
80-150 |
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He argues cases for the federal gov't |
Solicitor General |
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He argues for the plaintiff |
Attorney General |
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When a judge is removed from office, therefore needing to elect another judge |
Retention election |
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A former judge that made very unfair decisions |
Richard Baumgartner |
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prolonged speech that obstructs a legislative assembly |
Judicial Filibusters |
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empty |
empty |
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A court rule bearing on subsequent legal decisions in similar cases. |
Precedent |
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a legal document used by the appellate court |
Amicus Brief |
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was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court formed the basis for the exercise of judicial review in the United States under Article III of the Constitution. |
Marbury vs Madison |
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4th chief of justice in supreme court |
John Marshall |
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Jefferson vs Adams. Why was this important to the case? |
Negative campaigning; attack-ads |
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established the supreme court |
Judiciary Act of 1789 |
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Makes any amendment applicable |
Incorporation |
