Political Science Exam 1

Front 1

Constitutional Democracy

Back 1

Government that enforces recognized limits on those who govern and allow the voice of the people to be heard through free, fair, and relatively frequent elections

Front 2

Two elements

Back 2

1. Limits on those who govern
2. Free, fair and frequent elections

Front 3

Political ideology

Back 3

a consistent set of beliefs about political values and the role of government

Front 4

Interacting (Democratic) Values

Back 4

Personal, liberty, indivdualism, equality of opportunity

Front 5

Inrelated Political processes

Back 5

Free and Fair elections

Front 6

Majority Rule

Back 6

Government access to the expressed preferences of majority
(framers feared majorty

Front 7

Plurality Rule

Back 7

The candidate or party with the most votes: Wins elections

Front 8

Interdependent Political Structure

Back 8

Federalism, separation of powers, bicameralism, checks & balances, Bill of rights

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Federalism

Back 9

Division of powers between National and State governments

Front 10

Separation of Powers

Back 10

Among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches

Front 11

Bicameralism

Back 11

The division of power between the house of reps and the senate

Front 12

Checks and Balances

Back 12

each branch is giving constitutional means, political independence and the motives to check the power of the other branches

Front 13

Bill of Rights

Back 13

provides a guarantee of individual liberties and due process before the law

Front 14

Constitution

Back 14

provides the structure of government
Bill of Rights: protections from you

Front 15

Four functions carries out by congress:

Back 15

1. approaches the Federal budget
2. Can override presidential veto by 2/3 of both house and can propose constitutional amendments to counter supreme court rulings
3. Senate approves treaties
4. Senate confirms senior federal appointments including federal judges

Front 16

B
O
T
C

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Budget
Override
Treaties
Confirms

Front 17

The Virginia Plan

Back 17

A strong central government without a bicameral legislature dominates by big states

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The New Jersey Plan

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Patterson. The right to tax and regulate commerce with unicameral legislature

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Great Compromise

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U.S. senate- each state would have an equal vote
U.S. house of reps is based on population
All bills for raising revenue or approaching money originate in the house

Front 20

Marbury v. Madison

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Judicial review - the power of court to refuse to enforce law or a government regulation that conflicts with the U.S. constitution of a state const. in a state court

Front 21

Congressional elaboration

Back 21

cong. legist that gives further meaning to the constitution

Front 22

impeachment

Back 22

a formal accusation against a public official

Front 23

Executive orders

Back 23

Carry the full force of law but do not require congressional approval
Direct from the executive branch to take some actions

Front 24

Executive privilege

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the power to keep executive communication confidential

Front 25

impoundment

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president refuses to allow an agency to spend money congress has authorized approval

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Brown v. Board of Education

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segregation by race violates equal protection clause

Front 27

Griswald v. Connecticut

Back 27

right to privacy is constitutionally protected

Front 28

Federalism

Back 28

The constitution divides government powers between the national government

Front 29

Dual Federalism

Back 29

the constitution gives limited powers to the national government leaving the rest to sovereign states each level of gov. is dominant in its purpose

Front 30

Marble Cake Federalism

Back 30

A mixed set of responsibilities in which all levels of government are engaged in a variety of issues and programs

Front 31

Corporate Federalism

Back 31

A system of internal government relationships that del liner government goods and services
Emphasis = cooperation

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Competitive

Back 32

governments compete to attract businesses and residents with different packages of services and taxes

Front 33

Unitary system

Back 33

when is power vested

Front 34

Advantages od federalism

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1. Checks the growth of tyranny
2. allows unity without uniformity
3. encourages experimentation
4. Provide training for future ideas
5. Keeps government close to the people

Front 35

Disadvantages of Federalism

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1. difficult for government to respond to national problems
2. difficult for voters to hold elected officials accountable
3. lack of uniformity can lead to conflict
4. redurances and inefficiencies are created

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Delegated of express powers

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stated in the constitution
Ex. Powers to regulate interstate commerce

Front 37

Implied Powers

Back 37

inferred from express powers to allow congress to carry out its function

Front 38

Inherent Powers

Back 38

Powers of National government in foreign affairs, grow out of existence of national government

Front 39

Example of Inherent powers:

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USA may acquire territory by purchase or by discovery and occupation

Front 40

4 constitution pillars that give national gov. authority over states

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1. National Supremacy
2. War Power
3. Commerce clause
4. Power to tax and spend for the general welfare

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National Government

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Not able to regulate education or agriculture directly, but can still appropriate money to support education or to pay from subsides through power to tax an spend

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Reserve Powers

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All powers not specifically designated by the constitution to the national government
Ex: states create local govs and schools

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Concurrent Powers

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Powers given to both national and state govs.

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Full faith credit clause

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requires state courts to enforce civil judgments of other state courts and accept public records and acts of other states as valid
Ex: States cannot impose unreasonable residence representatives on newly relocated residents

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Extradition

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suspect in criminal case must be returned to state where crime was alleged
-goveners are now responsible for ensuring this happens

Front 46

Interstate compacts

Back 46

interstate agencies often created to handle interstate problems
ex: water rights

Front 47

McCullon V. Maryland

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Supreme court defined the division of power between national and state government
- constitutionally implied powers are inferred from delegated powers
Provided support for nationalism and a unified economy

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Pre-emption

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State and local laws are pre-empted
1. Conflict with National laws and regulations
2. Touch on field where the federal interest is so dominant that it precludes enforcement of state laws on the same subject

Front 49

Federal Grants

Back 49

One of congress's most important tools for influencing policy and state and local levels

Front 50

Political Socialization

Back 50

strongly influences how citizens see politics and which party they prefer

Front 51

Reinforcing clause

Back 51

divisions within society that make groups more similar. These cleavages can make political conflict more intense

Front 52

Cross Cutting Cleavages

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divisions with in society that make groups more different. Multiple allegiances lessen conflict

Front 53

Race

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Distinctive characteristics determined by genetic inheritance

Front 54

Ethnicity

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Social division with in the same race, sense of attachment to group

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Religion

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Premise- liberty flourishes when there is no predominant or official faith

Front 56

Protest at Selma

Back 56

David Garrow- voting rights activist "Religion is like ethnicity because its a shared identity

Front 57

Gender Gap

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Difference between men and woman: regarding political opinions and behaviors

Front 58

Occupational groups

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trade and transport 19% business and finance 18% health care 13% Manufacturing 1.9%

Front 59

Political equality

Back 59

- Right to equal protection under the laws
-Equal voting power