Political Science Exam 1

Front 1

Collective Security

Back 1

Formation of a broad alliance of most major actors

Front 2

Idealism

Back 2

Human nature is good

Front 3

Unipolar

Back 3

One state has all the power

Front 4

Theories of International Relations

Back 4

Idealism, Realism, Neorealism

Front 5

Problems with Realism

Back 5

Military power does not always equal military victory.
Weakness is econonomic power

Front 6

Problems with Idealism

Back 6

Cooperation can be weakness

Front 7

Neorealism

Back 7

States should seek security and understand the international system

Front 8

Internation Regime

Back 8

Rules, norms, and procedures that must be followed by certain actors

Front 9

Hegemonic Stability Theory

Back 9

One states power is predominant and can enforce norms unilaterally. Avoids collective goods.

Front 10

Realism

Back 10

Human Nature is selfish. States seek power.

Front 11

What does a nation-state do?

Back 11

1. Commands allegiance of citizens in the territory
2. Possesses the power to wage war
3. Concerned with full range of issues
4. Under national law has sovereignty

Front 12

Define International Relations

Back 12

Relationships among the world's governments and people.

Front 13

Nation-state: General Understanding

Back 13

1. Government structure
2. Specific geographic area
3. A population that recognizes government and feel a part of the state

Front 14

Why is the power of the state declining?

Back 14

1. Mass communication
2. Economic Integration
3. Rise of international organizations

Front 15

Sovereignty Implications

Back 15

1. All states are legally equal
2. Subnational units have legal authority to negotiate for the nation-state

Front 16

Intergovernmental Organizations

Back 16

(IGOs)
1.Composed of nation-states
2. Signed by a treaty
3. Global and Regional level

Front 17

What do all IGOs have in common?

Back 17

1. States for membership
2. Must rely on states for action and finance

Front 18

Major weakness of NGOs:

Back 18

Must rely on individuals for finance

Front 19

Multinational Corporations

Back 19

(MNCs)
1. Firm exists in two or more states
2. Can control the policies of the states because of economic power

Front 20

Nongovernmental Organizations

Back 20

(NGOs)
1. Composed or private individuals in two or more states.

Front 21

International System

Back 21

Conditions behavior of states due to power and wealth distribution

Front 22

First Use of Nationalism

Back 22

French Revolution

Front 23

Democratic Peace Theory

Back 23

Democracies do not go to war with each other so everyone should promote democratization

Front 24

What factors should be examined in comparative foreign policy?

Back 24

1. Size of State
2. Type of government
3. Issues of wealth
4. Size of military

Front 25

Issues of Wealth

Back 25

Whether wealth increases or decreases the characteristic of state aggression

Front 26

Type of government

Back 26

If dictatorships are more or less aggressive than democracies

Front 27

Size if the state

Back 27

Smaller or larger states more aggressive?

Front 28

Size of Military

Back 28

Realists believe that this is the most important actor

Front 29

Dependency Theory

Back 29

"Complex interdependency"
States are mutually dependent on each other.

Front 30

Neoliberalism

Back 30

International system is unequal. Focus is on economics

Front 31

Multipolar

Back 31

Power is dispersed among 5 or more states

Front 32

Bipolar

Back 32

Two states hold power

The Cold War: US, Soviet Union

Front 33

What are the four waves of nationalism?

Back 33

Decline of:
1. Ottoman Empire
2. Austro-Hungarian Empire
3. Colonialism
4. Communism

Front 34

Decline of the Ottoman(turkish) Empire

Back 34

Berlin Congress

Creation of Greece, Bulgaria, Romania

Solidification of Germany

Front 35

Decline of Autro-Hungarian Empire

Back 35

Many states were created by the winner's of WWI and WWII and do not exist today

Front 36

Decline of colonialism

Back 36

Nationalism becomes a force for the creation of new states outside of Europe

Front 37

Decline of Communism

Back 37

Creation of 15 new states along with the creation of several frozen conflicts

Front 38

What is a nation?

Back 38

Psychological and sociological concept.

Bound by individuals and group self awareness

Front 39

Characteristics of a Nation:

Back 39

1. Language
2. Religion
3. Culture and Traditions
4. History and Common Past
5. Territory

Front 40

Language

Back 40

Most basic.

Issue of alphabet

Front 41

Religion

Back 41

Depends on state if this is an important issue

Front 42

Culture and Traditions

Back 42

Shared culture groups people together

Front 43

History and Common Past

Back 43

The idea of understanding the history of the nation.

Mythology

Front 44

Territory

Back 44

Defining characteristic of people grouped together by land

Front 45

Group-think

Back 45

Groups validate wrong decisions.

Overconfident and underestimating risks

Front 46

Bargaining

Back 46

Tacit or direct communication in an attempt to reach agreement on an exchange of value.

Front 47

Negotiation

Back 47

Bargaining that takes place formally usually with back and forth dialogue

Front 48

Deterrance

Back 48

A threat to punish another actor if it takes a certain negative action.

Especially against one's own state or allies

Front 49

Zero-sum game

Back 49

One player's gain is equal to the others loss.

Front 50

Balance of power

Back 50

One or more states power being used to balance that of another state or group of states.

Front 51

Hegemony

Back 51

One states preponderance of power so that it can single-handidly dominate the rules and arrangements by the way things are conducted.

Front 52

Burden Sharing

Back 52

Distribution of the costs of an alliance among members

Conflicts may arise during distribution

Front 53

Collective Goods

Back 53

Tangible or intangible goods available to all members of a group regardless of individual contribution

Front 54

Hegemonic War

Back 54

War over control of the entire world order.

Front 55

Provide Service to home nationals

Back 55

Embassy

Front 56

Continuous collection of information about host country as well as views towards home country

Back 56

Embassy

Front 57

Regular lind of communication between states

Back 57

Embassy

Front 58

Represent the commercial interests of the home country

Back 58

Embassy

Front 59

Informal Diplomacy

Back 59

Other people besides elites and official reps. engage in diplomacy

Front 60

Formal Diplomacy

Back 60

1. Ambassador
2. Ambassador @ large
3. Envoy
4. Minister Resident

Front 61

Diplomacy

Back 61

The conduct of relations between states through representatives

Front 62

Ambassador:
Staff of Embassy

Back 62

Civil Servant appointee or political appointee

Front 63

Consular officers:
Staff of Embassy

Back 63

Individual in charge of providing service to home nationals (passport, marriage)

Front 64

Information Officers:
Staff of Embassy

Back 64

Work in political, economic, and cultural sections

Front 65

Privelages of Diplomacy

Back 65

1. Personal protection
2. Inviolable property
3. Inviolable communication
4. Tax exemption
5. Legal Immunity

Front 66

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

Back 66

Loose coordinating structure linking the former republics of the Soviet Union.

Not the Baltic states

Front 67

Postmodernism

Back 67

Denies the existence of a single fixed reality, pays special attention to texts.

How people talk and write about a subject.

Front 68

Militarism

Back 68

The glorification of war in society

Front 69

Positive Peace

Back 69

Peace that resolves the underlying reasons for war- not just cease war but transforms relationships

Front 70

Information Screens

Back 70

Subconcious filters about information about the world.

Often ignores info

Screened from person to person in decision making process

Front 71

Military- Industrial Complex

Back 71

Huge interlocking network of governmental agencies, industrial corporations, and research institutes.

Work together to supply military forces

Front 72

Lateral Pressure

Back 72

Connects economic competition with security.

Economic growth leads to geographic expansions due to seeking natural resources

Front 73

National Security Council

Back 73

Staff in the White House basement.

Ran covert operations

Front 74

Proliferation

Back 74

Spread of weapons of mass destruction to more actors

Front 75

Satisficing

Back 75

Finding a satisfactory solution

Front 76

Essentialist Feminism

Back 76

Believe there is a core biological essence to being male or female

Front 77

Liberal Feminism

Back 77

Men and women are equal

Front 78

Postmodern Feminism

Back 78

Rejects assumptions about gender made by both difference and men and women are equal

Finds points made to be flexible

Front 79

International Security

Back 79

A subfield of IR.

Focuses on questions of war and peace

Front 80

League of Nations

Back 80

After WWI, Woodrow Wilson led effort to create

Forerunner of UN

Weak because of US absence, lack of effectiveness in ensuring collective security

Front 81

North-South gap

Back 81

Rich industrialized countries of the North(West and former Eastt)

Poor countries of the South(Africa, Middle East, Asia, Latin America)

Most Important geographical element

Front 82

Munich Agreement

Back 82

Effort to appease German ambitions, Britain and France agreed to let Germany occupy part of Czechoslovakia.

Seemed to encourage Hitler's conquest

Front 83

Containment

Back 83

Adopted in the 1940's the US wanted to halt the expansion of Soviet influence globally.

Front 84

Proxy Wars

Back 84

Wars in 3rd world that are typically civil wars.

Front 85

Sino-Soviet Split

Back 85

Chinese- communist revolution created the alliance.

China became independent when they disagreed with Soviet moves towards peaceful coexistence with the US

Front 86

International Security:
Subfield of IR

Back 86

"High politics"

Issues of security or war

Most of 20th Century

Front 87

International Political Economy(IPE):
Subfield of IR

Back 87

"Law economics"

OPEC crisis

Rise of Japan in the 80's

Front 88

Security:
Purpose of Foreign Policy

Back 88

Primarily realists.

Mostly military but now economic as well

Front 89

Isolation:
Purpose of Foreign Policy

Back 89

Non-engagement in the affairs of other states.

Least political

Front 90

Neutrality:
Purpose of Foreign Policy

Back 90

Legal Status during war

Only applies during war, no significant impact on foreign policy.

Front 91

Non-aligned Movement:
Purpose of Foreing Policy

Back 91

Developed during the Cold War

States that do not want to join with the US or Soviet Union

Front 92

Alliances:
Purpose of Foreign Policy

Back 92

Formal agreement between two or more states to collaberate on security issues.

NATO

Front 93

Casus Foderis:
Limitations to Alliances

Back 93

In any treaty the clause states what actions must be undertaken by alliance partners

Front 94

Form of Commitment:
Limitations to Alliances

Back 94

Responsibility that partner must take

Front 95

Duration of Alliance:
Limitations to Alliances

Back 95

How long treaty and partner obligations remain in effect

Front 96

Welfare:
Limitations to Alliances

Back 96

Engage in economic foreign policies to promote trade and economic benefits for the state.

Front 97

Prestige:
Limitations to Alliances

Back 97

Respect. Nuclear weapons as well as economy