Pmbok 09

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Subproject

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Begins with S: A smaller portion of the overall project created when a project is subdivided into more manageable components or pieces. Subprojects are usually represented in the work breakdown structure. A subproject can be referred to as a project, managed as a project, and acquired from a seller. May be referred to as a subnetwork in a project schedule network diagram.

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Successor

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Begins with S: See successor activity.

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Successor Activity

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Begins with S: The schedule activity that follows a predecessor activity, as determined by their logical relationship.

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Summary Activity

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Begins with S: A group of related schedule activities aggregated at some summary level. and displayed/reported as a single activity at that summary level. See also subproject and subnetwork.

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System

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Begins with S: An integrated set of regularly interacting or interdependent components created to accomplish a defined objective, with defined and maintained relationships among its components, and the whole producing or operating better than the simple sum of its components. Systems may be either physically process based or management process based, or more commonly a combination of both. Systems for project mcmagenrent are composed of project management processes, techniques, methodologies, and tools operated by the project management team.

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Target Completion Date (TC)

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Begins with T: An imposed date that constrains or otherwise modifies the schedule network analysis.

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Target Finish Date (TF)

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Begins with T: The date that work is planned (targeted) to finish on a schedule activity.

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Target Schedule

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Begins with T: A schedule adopted for comparison purposes during schedule network analysis, which can be different from the baseline schedule. See also baseline.

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Target Start Date (TS)

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Begins with T: The date that work is planned (targeted) to start on a schedule activity.

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Task

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Begins with T: A term for work whose meaning and placement within a structured plan for project work varies by the application area, industry, and brand of project management software.

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Team Members

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Begins with T: See project team members.

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Technical Performance Measurement [Technique]

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Begins with T: A performance measurement technique that compares technical accomplishments during project execution to the project management plan's schedule of planned technical achievements. It may use key technical parameters of the product produced by the project as a quality metric. The achieved metric values are part of the work perfbrmance information.

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Technique

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Begins with T: A defined systematic procedure employed by a human resource to perform an activity to produce a product or result or deliver a service, and that may employ one or more tools.

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Template

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Begins with T: A partially complete document in a predefined format that provides a defined structure for collecting, organizing and presenting information and data. Templates are often based upon documents created during prior projects. Templates can reduce the effort needed to perform work and increase the consistency of results.

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Threat

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Begins with T: A condition or situation unfavorable to the project, a negative set of circumstances, a negative set of events, a risk that Nvill have a negative impact on a project objective if it occurs, or a possibility for negative changes. Contrast with opporvunity.

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Three-Point Estimate [Technique]

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Begins with T: An analytical technique that uses three cost or duration estimates to represent the optimistic. most likely, and pessimistic scenarios. This technique is applied to improve the accuracy of the estimates of cost or duration when the underlying activity or cost component is uncertain.

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Threshold

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Begins with T: A cost, time, quality, technical, or resource value used as a parameter, and which may be included in product specifications. Crossing the threshold should trigger some action, such as generating an exception report.

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Time and Material (T&M) Contract

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Begins with T: A type of contract that is a hybrid contractual arrangement containing aspects of both cost-reimbursable and fixed price contracts. Time and material contracts resemble cost-reimbursable type arrangements in that they have no definitive end, because the full value of the arrangement is not defined at the time of the award. Thus, time and material contracts can grow in contract value as if they were cost-reimbursable-type arrangements. Conversely, time and material arrangements can also resemble fixed-price arrangements. For example, the unit rates are preset by the buyer and seller, when both parties agree on the rates for the category of senior engineers.

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Time-Now Date

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Begins with T: See data date.

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Time-Scaled Schedule Network Diagram [Tool]

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Begins with T: Any project schedule network diagram drawn in such a way that the positioning and length of the schedule activity represents its duration. Essentially, it is a har chart that includes schedule network logic.

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Tool

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Begins with T: Something tangible, such as a template or software program. used in performing an activity to produce a product or result.

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Total Float (TF)

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Begins with T: The total amount of time that a schedule activity may be delayed from its early start date without delaying the project finish (cite, or violating a schedule constraint. Calculated using the critical path method technique and determining the difference between the early finish dates and late finish dates. See also free float.

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Total Quality Management (TQNT) [Technique]

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Begins with T: A common approach to implementing a quality improvement program within an organization.

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Trend Analysis [Technique]

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Begins with T: An analytical technique that uses mathematical models to forecast future outcomes based on historical results. It is a method of determining the variance from a baseline of a budget, cost, schedule, or scope parameter by using prior progress reporting periods' data and projecting how much that parameter's variance from baseline might be at some future point in the project if no changes are made in executing the project.

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Triggers

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Begins with T: Indications that a risk has occurred or is about to occur. Triggers may be discovered in the risk identification process and watched in the risk monitoring and control process. Triggers are sometimes called risk symptoms or warning signs.

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Triple Constraint

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Begins with T: A framework for evaluating competing demands. The triple constraint is often depicted as a triangle where one of the sides or one of the corners represent one of the parameters being managed by the project team.

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User

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Begins with U: The person or organization that will use the project's product or service. See also customer.

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Validation [Technique]

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Begins with V: The technique of evaluating a component or product during or at the end of a phase or project to ensure it complies with the specified requirements. Contrast with verification.

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Value Engineering (ATE)

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Begins with V: A creative approach used to optimize project life cycle costs, save time, increase profits, improve quality. expand market share, solve problems. and/or use resources more effectively.

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Variance

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Begins with V: A quantifiable deviation, departure, or divergence away from a known baseline or expected value.

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Variance Analysis [Technique]

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Begins with V: A method for resolving the total variance in the set of scope, cost, and schedule variables into specific component variances that are associated with defined factors affecting the scope, cost, and schedule variables.

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Verification [Technique]

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Begins with V: The technique of evaluating a component or product at the end of a phase or project to assure or confirm it satisfies the conditions imposed. Contrast with validation.

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Virtual Team

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Begins with V: A group of persons with a shared objective who fulfill their roles with little or no time spent meeting face to face. Various forms of technology are often used to facilitate communication among team members. Virtual teams can be comprised of persons separated by great distances.

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Voice of the Customer

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Begins with V: A planning technique used to provide products, services, and results that truly reflect customer requirements by translating those customer requirements into the appropriate technical requirements for each phase of project product development.

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War Room

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Begins with W: A room used for project conferences and planning, often displaying charts of cost, schedule status, and other key project data.

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Work

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Begins with W: Sustained physical or mental effort, exertion, or exercise of skill to overcome obstacles and achieve an objective.

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Work Authorization [Technique]

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Begins with W: A permission and direction, typically written, to begin work on a specific schedule activity or work package or control account. It is a method for sanctioning project work to ensure that the work is done by the identified organization, at the right time, and in the proper sequence.

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Work Authorization System [Tool]

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Begins with W: A subsystem of the overall project management system. It is a collection of formal documented procedures that defines how project work will be authorized (committed) to ensure that the work is done by the identified organization, at the right time, and in the proper sequence. It includes the steps, documents, tracking system, and defined approval levels needed to issue work authorizations.

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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) [Output/Input]

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Begins with W: A deliverable-oriented hierarchical decomposition of the work to be executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the required deliverables. It organizes and defines the total scope of the project. Each descending level represents an increasingly detailed definition of the project work. The WBS is decomposed into work packages. The deliverable orientation of the hierarchy includes both internal and external deliverables. See also work package, control account, contract work breakdown structure, and project summary work breakdown structure.

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Work Breakdown Structure Component

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Begins with W: An entry in the work breakdown structure that can be at any level.

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Work Breakdown Structure Dictionary [Output/Input]

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Begins with W: A document that describes each component in the work breakdown structure (WBS). For each WBS component, the WBS dictionary includes a brief definition of the scope or statement of work, defined deliverable(s), a list of associated activities, and a list of milestones. Other information may include: responsible organization, start and end dates, resources required, an estimate of cast, charge number, contract information, quality requirements, and technical references to facilitate performance of the work.

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Work Item

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Begins with W: Term no longer in common usage. See activity and schedule activity.

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Work Package

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Begins with W: A deliverable or project work component at the lowest level of each branch of the work breakdown structure. The work package includes the schedule activities and schedule milestones required to complete the work package deliverable or project work component. See also control account.

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Work Performance Information [Output/Input]

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Begins with W: Information and data, on the status of the project schedule activities being performed to accomplish the project work, collected as part of the direct and numage project execution processes*. Information includes: status of deliverables: implementation status for change requests, corrective actions, preventive actions, and defect repairs; forecasted estimates to complete; reported percent of work physically completed; achieved value of' technical performance measures; start and finish dates of schedule activities.

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Workaround [Technique]

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Begins with W: A response to a negative risk that has occurred. Distinguished from contingency plan in that a workaround is not planned in advance of the occurrence of the risk event.