Plant A+P Lab Test 1 Primary Xylem And Phloem Tissues

Front 1

Is phloem a simple or complex tissue?

Back 1

complex

Front 2

is xylem a simple or complex tissue?

Back 2

complex

Front 3

what primary meristem produces primary xylem?

Back 3

procambium

Front 4

what primary meristem produces primary phloem?

Back 4

procambium

Front 5

what secondary meristem produces secondary xylem and phloem?

Back 5

vascular cambium

Front 6

what is the difference between primary and secondary tissues?

Back 6

primary tissues are arranged axially, secondary tissues are arranged axially and radially

Front 7

what is the radial system of xylem and phloem composed of in angiosperms? in gymnosperms?

Back 7

parenchyma; parenchyma and tracheids

Front 8

what makes up 'wood'?

Back 8

secondary xylem tissues

Front 9

what makes up bark?

Back 9

secondary phloem and periderm

Front 10

what are the types of primary xylem?

Back 10

protoxylem and metaxylem

Front 11

what are protoxylem and metaxylem?

Back 11

tracheary elements

Front 12

when does protoxylem mature?

Back 12

first, during axial elongation

Front 13

when does metaxylem mature?

Back 13

second, after axial elongation has ceased

Front 14

how are protoxylem and metaxylem different?

Back 14

protoxylem is smaller in diameter, secondary wall thickenings are rings or helical, metaxylem has scleriform or pitted/reticulate deposition of secondary cell walls

Front 15

what is endarch maturation?

Back 15

a form of xylem maturation in which the xylem matures from the inside to the outside, protoxylem is near pit, metaxylem is near epidermis

Front 16

what is exarch maturation?

Back 16

a form of xylem maturation in which the xylem matures from the outside in, the protoxylem is closes to the epidermis, the metaxylem is closes to the center

Front 17

what is bicollateral phloem?

Back 17

located on both sides of the xylem

Front 18

what are protoxylem lacunae?

Back 18

protoxylem that have been stretched and torn and created large air spaces, stretched by internodal growth

Front 19

what are the xylem cell types?

Back 19

tracheary elements (tracheids, vessel members, fibers, sclerids, xylem parenchyma cells

Front 20

what are the two cells types that comprise tracheary elements?

Back 20

tracheids, vessel members

Front 21

what characterizes tracheary elements?

Back 21

lignified secondary cell walls, autolysis, dead at maturity, continuous pipe-like structure

Front 22

what is the function of tracheary elements?

Back 22

primarily water conduction, also support because they are heavily lignified

Front 23

who has vessel members?

Back 23

angiosperms

Front 24

who had tracheids?

Back 24

angiosperms, gymnosperms

Front 25

what characterizes tracheids?

Back 25

do not have open end walls, have pitting, water travels laterally through pits, more elongated and smaller in diameter than vessel members

Front 26

what characterizes vessel members?

Back 26

open-end walls (perforation plate), wider cells, less elongated, water passes through open-end walls

Front 27

what are the different types of perforation plates?

Back 27

simple, sclariform, reticulate

* simple perforation plate is considered an advanced character

Front 28

what are the types of fibers?

Back 28

libriform fibers, fiber tracheids

Front 29

who has libriform fibers?

Back 29

angiosperms

Front 30

who has fiber tracheids?

Back 30

angiosperms, gymnosperms

Front 31

what are the functions of fibers?

Back 31

primarily support

Front 32

what characterizes fibers?

Back 32

lignified secondary cell walls, often dead at maturity, often septate

Front 33

what is the difference between libriform fibers and fiber tracheids?

Back 33

libriform fibers are more elongated and have less pitting, and are often thicker

Front 34

what characterizes sclerids?

Back 34

thick secondary cell walls, often dead at maturity, not elongate necessarily (like fibers)

Front 35

what are the rays in secondary xylem?

Back 35

parenchyma cells that are position perpendicular to the long axis of the organ that function in radial transport

Front 36

is phloem a complex or simple tissue?

Back 36

complex

Front 37

what are the different cell types in phloem?

Back 37

sieve tube members, companion cells, sclerenchyma, parenchyma cells

Front 38

how do you differentiate between sieve tube members and companion cells?

Back 38

sieve tube members are much larger

Front 39

what is the function of sieve tube members?

Back 39

transport of photosynthates

Front 40

what makes sieve tube members unique?

Back 40

protoplastic modifications (nucleus degenerates, golgi and ribosomes disappear, vacuole and tonoplast break down, ER decreases in abundance and mostly present in smooth form)