Pima Pharmacology Chapter 9

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abhesive

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substance that reduces adhesion

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exectorant

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medication meant to increase the volume or hydration of airway secretions

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gel

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macromolecular description of pseudoplastic material having both viscosity and elasticity

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glycoprotein

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protein with attached oligosaccharide units

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mucin

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the principal constituent of mucus and high-molecular-weight glycoprotein, it gives mucus its physical/chemical properties such as viscoelasticity.

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mucoactive agent

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term connoting any medication or drug that has an effect on mucus secretion; may include mucolytic, expectorant, mucospissic, mucoregulatory, or mucokietic agents

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mucoregulatory agent

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drug that reduces the volume of airway mucus secretion and appears to be especially effective in hypersecretory states, such as bronchorrhea, diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), CF, and some forms of asthma.

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mucospissic agent

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medication that increases viscosity of secretins and may be effective in the therapy of bronchorrhea.

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mucus

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secretion, from surface goblet cells and submucosal glands, composed of water, proteins, and glycosylated mucins The glycoprotein portion of the secretion is termed mucin. Mucus (noun) is the secretion; mucous (adjective) is the cell or gland type

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oligosaccharide

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sugar that is the individual carbohydrate unit of glycoproteins

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phlegm

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purulent material in the airways. From the Greek word for inflammation. When expectorated, phlegm is called sputum

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rheology

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study of the deformation and flow of matter

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sol

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Macromolecular description of the respiratory secretion in true solution, with the physical property of viscosity (usually referred to as the periciliary layer)

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sputum

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expectorated phlegm that contains respiratory tract, oropharyngeal, and nasopharyngeal secretions and bacteria and products of inflammation including polymeric DNA and actin.

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viscosity

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resistance of liquid to sheer forces. A rheologic property characteristic of liquids and represented by the loss modulus G.

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N-Acetylcysteine

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mucomist

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mucomist

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N-Acetylcysteine

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Dornase alfa

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Pulmozyme

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Pulmozyme

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Dornase alfa

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Hyperosmolar (7%) saline

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Hyper-Sal

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dehisce

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To rupture or break open, as a surgical wound.

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diseases characterized by abnormal production of mucus

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chronic bronchitis and asthma - hypersecretion

CF - decreased secretion

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Factors affecting mucociliary transport

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COPD / CF
Narcotics
Enotracheal suctioning, airway trauma, and tracheotomy
cigarette smoke
atmospheric poluutants
hyperoxia dn hypoxia

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normal clearance of airway mucus can be altered by changes in

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volume

hydration

composition

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Chronic Bronchitis (CB) is defined clinically as

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daily sputum expectoration for 3 months of the year for at least 2 consecutive years.

usually a tobacco smoker or ex-tobacco smoker

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Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

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A chronic hereditary disease characterized by impaired function of the CFTR protein.

There is chronic airway infection, often with Pseudomonas and other gram-negative organisms

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mucolytic agents decrease the elasticity and viscosity of mucus by

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breaking down the gel structure

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physical properties of mucus include

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viscosity

elasticity

cohesivity

adhsivity

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bland aerosols

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wetting agents