Pharmacology - Chapter 9 Cardiovascular System

Front 1

What are the two major risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Back 1

1. High level of lipids

2. High blood pressure

Front 2

What is the medical term for having high levels of blood lipids

Back 2

Hyperlipedemia

Front 3

What's the medical term for high blood pressure?

Back 3

Hypertension

Front 4

Fatty plaque that clogs the arteries is this condition?

Back 4

arteriosclerosis

Front 5

What cause atherosclerosis?

Back 5

High levels of cholesterol

Front 6

Decrease blood flow through the coronary arteries can result in this condition?

Back 6

Ischemia

Front 7

What is ischemia?

Back 7

Lack of oxygen to the tissue

Front 8

Lack of oxygen to the tissue or ischemia can cause a pain known as

Back 8

Angina pectoris

Front 9

Does angina dilate the arteries or constrict the arteries to cause pain

Back 9

Constrict

Front 10

What is a medical term for a vein or artery that is constricted?

Back 10

Vasoconstriction

Front 11

Cholesterol or other clot that blocks the artery can lead to this condition

Back 11

Myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Front 12

What causes a heart attack?

Back 12

Either cholesterol or blood clots blocking the passageway for blood to flow through and carry oxygen to get to the heart muscle

Front 13

The decrease ability of the heart to pump effectively is known as?

Back 13

Heart failure

Front 14

What is the medical term for abnormal heart rhythm?

Back 14

Dysrhythmias

Front 15

What is a primary cause that channels are dysrhythmia to happen?

Back 15

Damages to the heart muscle from high blood pressure or atherosclerosis or clots blocking up the preventing oxygen from flowing through and cutting off the electrical conduction system of the heart

Front 16

Dysrhythmias can lead to these two major problems

Back 16

Decreased cardiac output and death

Front 17

Name the five most common types of cardiovascular drugs?

Back 17

1. Antihyperlipedemics

2. Antihypertensive

3. Drugs for angina (Antianginals)

4. Drugs for heart failure

5. Antidysrhythmics

Front 18

What do you call the condition where you have high level of lipids and other fatty acids in the blood?

Back 18

Hyperlipidemia

Front 19

What are the drugs that treat hyperlipidemia and which fatty acid in the blood does it targets?

Back 19

Antihyperlipedemics

Targets cholesterol

Front 20

What is the role of cholesterol in the blood

Back 20

Cell membrane

Hormones

Vitamin D

Bile acids

Is a part of blood plasma

Front 21

Cholesterol gets into the blood by two different ways name them

Back 21

From our diet and cholesterol is also produced in the liver

Front 22

Who produces more cholesterol to the blood your food or the liver

Back 22

The liver contributes much more cholesterol to the blood than the food you eat

Front 23

Cholesterol or transported through the body by these protein carriers known as?

Back 23

Lipoproteins

Front 24

Name the two most important lipoproteins

Back 24

High density lipoprotein and low density lipoproteins

Front 25

Which lipoprotein is known as the bad cholesterol and which lipoprotein is known as the good cholesterol?

Back 25

High density lipoprotein are known as a good cholesterol while slow density lipoprotein are known as the bad cholesterol

Front 26

What is the role of high density lipoproteins

Back 26

High density lipoproteins takes the cholesterol of from the blood and transport it back to the liver

Front 27

What is the role of low density lipoproteins

Back 27

Low density lipoproteins take the cholesterol and take them to the blood vessels and contribute to plaque buildup in the arteries or vessels

Front 28

Name the four classes of anti-lapidemics drugs

Back 28

1. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

2. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors

3. Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)

4. Bile sequestrants

Front 29

Off the four classes of anti-lapodemic drugs which one is the most common

Back 29

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

Front 30

HMG-COA drugs are also known as?

Back 30

Statins

Front 31

How does statin works to lower cholesterol

Back 31

They lower the low density lipoprotein Levels by slowing down cholesterol production in the liver

Front 32

True or false statin drugs lowers the cholesterol from the food that we eat?

Back 32

False - they only lower the cholesterol produced in the liver

Front 33

What is the best time of the day to take a Statin drug and why

Back 33

It is best to take statin drugs in the evening because statin drugs need certain enzymes to be broken down that are effective only at night

Front 34

What is the name of the disorder resulting from a broken muscle cells that damage the kidneys

Back 34

Rhabdomyolysis

Front 35

List the side effects of statin drugs

Back 35

1. Severe muscle aches

2. Changes in urine color/dark urine

3. Decrease urine output

4. Rhabdomyolysis

5. Liver problems

6. Nausea

7. Yellowing of the eyes

8. Yellowing of the roof of the mouth

9. Light colored stools

Front 36

Off the list of side effects of statin drugs which side effects shows that the liver is damaged

Back 36

1. Nausea

2. Yellow eyes

3. Yellow roof of the mouth

4. Dark urine

5. Light-colored stools

Front 37

If gastrointestinal side effects occur while taking statin drugs what should the nurse do?

Back 37

Remind a patient to contact their healthcare provider rather than stopping the drugs

Front 38

List of gastrointestinal side effects that are caused by statin drugs

Back 38

1. Upset stomach

2. Gas

3. Constipation

4. Stomach cramps

Front 39

What is the main use of statin drugs

Back 39

To lower blood lower density lipoproteins

To reduce the risk of atherosclerosis hypertension, heart attack Peripheral arterial disease and stroke

Front 40

What are the expected side effects of statin drugs

Back 40

Abdominal pain,

Headache,

Diarrhea,

Muscle pain

Joint discomfort

Front 41

What is the adverse reaction of statin drugs

Back 41

If taken in high doses it can cause rhabdomyolysis

Front 42

What is rhabdomyolysis?

Back 42

Muscle breakdown

Front 43

What are the signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis

Back 43

Muscle soreness

Muscle pain

Muscle weakness

Stomach pain and

Brown tea colored urine

Front 44

When taking statin drugs what causes the kidney to have that brown tea colored look

Back 44

It results from the kidneys trying to filter out the products from the muscle breakdown

Front 45

Are Stanton drugs safe for pregnancy? explain

Back 45

Statin drugs are dangerous if used during pregnancy because it can lower the cholesterol level in a fetus and cause brain deformities

Front 46

List of drug interactions for statin drugs

Back 46

Alcohol

Acetaminophen

Grapefruit

Front 47

When on statin drugs how often should your blood lipid levels be drawn

Back 47

Every 4 to 12 weeks after beginning the Statin therapy and after dosage changes to evaluate the response to treatment

Front 48

Before taking a blood sample measurement for cholesterol hdls ldls and triglyceride what does a patient needs to do

Back 48

Fast for at least 12 hours

Front 49

Why shouldn't you give statin drugs with grapefruit juice

Back 49

Because grapefruit juice inhibits the drug breakdown and allow higher drug blood levels that can get toxic side effects

Front 50

Name the non-statin anti-hyperlipidemic drugs

Back 50

1. Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors

2. Fibric acid derivative/fibrates

3. Bile acid sequestions and

4. Niacin or nicotinic acid

Front 51

Non-starting anti-lapidated drugs are used to reduce the levels of blood cholesterol from what source

Back 51

From ingested food/your diet

Front 52

Which is the second most prescribed class of anti-lapidemic drugs

Back 52

Selective cholesterol absorption inhibitors

Front 53

How does Selective cholesterol absorption Inhibitors work?

Back 53

They stay in the intestinal wall and on the intestinal epithelial cells and limit the absorption of cholesterol from food and other sources in the body

Front 54

What is the name of the first selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor?

Back 54

Ezetimibe

Front 55

Which class of non-statin anti-hyperlipodemic drugs are known to cause liver toxicity and gallstones

Back 55

Fibric acid derivatives otherwise known as fibrates

Front 56

How does bile acid sequestrants work to reduce low density lipoprotein levels

Back 56

They form bile salts which increases bad loss through feces

Front 57

What is the most major side effect of acid sequesterens and why is it caused

Back 57

The major side effect of bile acid sequestrant is bleeding and it is caused from the lack of vitamin K which affects clotting

Front 58

When giving non-statin antihyperlipedemics drugs what vitamins must you always give to the patient

Back 58

Vitamin A

Vitamin D and

Vitamin K

Front 59

Which antihyperlipidemic drug comes in a powder form

Back 59

Bile acid sequestrants

Front 60

Name the statin drugs

Back 60

Atorvastatin

Fluvastatin

Lovastatin

Pravastatin

Rosuvastatin

Simvastatin