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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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relatively large, branching vessels that conduct blood away from the heart
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arteries
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small branching vessels with high resistance
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arterioles
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site of exchange between blood and tissue
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capillaries
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small converging vessels
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venules
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relatively large congerging vessels that conduct blood to the heart
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veins
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this circuit is supplied by the right heart; blood vessels from the heart to lungs and lungs to heart
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pulmonary circuit
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this circuit is supplied by the left heart, blood vesels from heart to systemic tissues and tissues to heart
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systemic circuit
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what kind of flow occurs within the systemic or pulmonary circuits
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parallel flow
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describe the blood flow starting at the aorta
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aorta -> arteries -> arterioles -> capillaries
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does blood in chambers supply nutrients to cardiac cells ?
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no
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what are the heart capillaries supplied by?
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coronary arteries which arise from aorta
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layer of the heart with cardiac muscle; muscular arterioles in systemic circulation increase resistance to blood flow, therefore left heart must work harder than right. left ventricle works 5-7 times harder than right hear
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myocardium
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this causes heart to contract as a unit
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intercalated disks; gap junctions
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these are intercalated disks that resist stress
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desmosomes
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process that pushes blood out of heart into vasculature
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contraction (systole)
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process that allows heart to fill with blood
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relaxation (diastole)
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valve that prevents blood from flowing into atria
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atrioventricular valves
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tricuspid valve
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right AV valve
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bicuspid valve, mitral valve
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left AV valve
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what keep AV valves from everting
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papillary muscle and chordae tendinae
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what prevents blood from flowing back into heart after contraction?
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semilunar valve
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1st phase of cardiac cycle;
- pressure in the atria is greater than pressure in ventricles -AV valve open - passive phase- no atria or ventricular contraction - active phase- atria contract |
ventricular filling
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2nd phase of cardiac cycle
- ventricle contracts- increase pressure - AV and semilunar valves closed - no blood entering or exiting ventricle |
isovolumetric ventricular contraction
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3rd phase of cardiac cycle
- pressure in ventricles greater than pressure arteries - semilunar valves open |
ventricular ejection
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4th phase of cardiac cycle
- ventricle relaxes - decrease pressure -AV and semilunar valves closed - no blood entering or exiting ventricle |
isovolumetric ventricular relaxation
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what are the 4 stages of the cardiac cycle
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1. ventricular filling
2. isovolumetric ventricular contraction 3. ventricular ejection 4. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation |
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2 stages of systole
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1. isovolumetric ventricular contraction
2. ventricular ejection |
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2 stages of ventricular diastole
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1. ventricular filling
2. isovolumetric ventricular relaxation |
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volume of blood in ventricle at the end of diastole
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EDV - end -diastolic volume
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volume of blood in ventricle at the end of systole
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ESV- end systolic volume
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volume of blood ejected from ventricle each cycle
around 70 ml |
stroke volume
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EDV (end diastolic volume) - ESV (end systolic volume)
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SV stroke volume
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fraction of end- diastolic volume ejected during a heart beat
stroke volume/ end diastolic volume = 0.54 |
ejection fraction
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due to turbulent flow when valves close
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heart sounds
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soft lubb; AV valves close simultaneously
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first heart sound
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louder dubb; semilunar valves close simul
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second heart sound
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