Physiology: Cardiovascular System 7&8

Front 1

The mechanisms for regulation of blood pressure include;

Back 1

Neural Mechanism

Renal mechanism

Humoral Mechanism

Front 2

_________ mechanism refers to regulation of the blood pressure by the nervous system.

Back 2

Neural

Front 3

The __________ mechanism is for short term blood pressure control

Back 3

Neural

Front 4

Components of the Neural Mechanisms includes;

Back 4

Brain

Cortex & Hypothalamus

Brain stem: Medulla

Receptors

Baroreceptorscarotid - sinus & aortic arch Chemoreceptors - carotid body & aortic body

Autonomic nerves

Sympathetic fibres

Parasympathetic fibres

Front 5

Write White note in the neural mechanism of the Blood pressure regulation

Back 5

Done

Front 6

The vasomotor centre is located in the medulla. It consists of three areas;

Back 6

Sensory area :

Nucleus of tractus solitarius/solitary tract;

which inhibits/stimulates the vasocontrictor or vasodilator area depending on blood pressure signal received from the baroreceptors or chemoreceptors.

Vasoconstrictor area: the pressor or cardioaccelerator area and is located in the lateral portion of vasomotor centre. Its stimulation causes vasoconstriction

Vasodilator area: the depressor or cardioinhibitory area and is located in the medial portion of vasomotor centre. Its stimulation causes vasodilatation.

Front 7

____________ is located in the medial portion of vasomotor centre

Back 7

Vasodilators area

Front 8

_______ is the pressor (Cardioaccelerator area) while ______ is the depressor (Cardioinhibitory area)

Back 8

Vasoconstrictor

Vasodillators

Front 9

Baroreceptors are pressure receptor. T/f

Back 9

True

Front 10

Types of Baroreceptor

Back 10

Carotid sinus Baroreceptors

Aortic Baroreceptors

Front 11

Carotid sinus baroreceptors are innervated by _____________

Back 11

Innervated by Hering’s nerve, a branch of glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 12

Aortic Baroreceptors are innervvated by

Back 12

innervated by aortic branch of vagus nerve

Front 13

Chemoreceptors are sensitive to the changes in the blood constituents. T/f

Back 13

True

Front 14

Chemoreceptors are sensitive to hypoxia, hypercapnia and increase in hydrogen ion conc. T/f

Back 14

True

Front 15

Renal mechanism is for a long term blood pressure control. T/f

Back 15

True

Front 16

The renal mechanism involves the renin angiotensinaldosterone system (RAAS) and blood volume regulation. T/f

Back 16

True

Front 17

Explain the Renal Contril of Blood Pressure

Back 17

A decrease in blood pressure, ECC volume or plasma sodium level stimulates RAAS which mainly produce angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction which increases peripheral vascular resistance. It stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex and aldosterone causes salt and water retention, thereby increasing blood volume. When Blood Pressure is elevated above normal due to fluid overload, the kidney excretes more salt and water to low the blood pressure.

Front 18

When Blood Pressure is elevated above normal due to fluid overload, the kidney ________________

Back 18

Excretes more salt and water to low the blood pressure.

Front 19

Humoral mechanisms refers to regulation by vasoactive substances; hormones and nonhormones. T/f

Back 19

True

The substances can be classified as vasoconstrictors & vasodilators.

NB:

The effects of the substances could be systemic or local

Front 20

Systemic vasocontrictors include ;

Back 20

Vasopressin,

Epinephrine,

Norepinephrine,

Angiotensin II,

Urotensin II

VENA.U

Front 21

Local vasoconstrictors include;

Back 21

Serotonin

Thromboxane A2

Endothelins

Front 22

Systemic vasodilators include;

Back 22

kinins,

Vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP),

Atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) ,

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)

K.VAB

Front 23

Local vasodilator include;

Back 23

Histamine,

Adenosine,

Lactate,

Prostacyclin,

Nitric oxide,

Decrease PaO2,

Decrease PH,

Increase PaCO2.