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116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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___ is the study of matter and the changes that matter can undergo
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Chemistry
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____ is anything that has mass and takes up space
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Matter
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Matter can be _____ to us, such as air
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Invisible
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In ___, one must to experiments to understand something
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The Scientific Method
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___ are tentative explanations
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Hypotheses
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___ are detailed explanations from experiments
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Theories
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Theories must be ___
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testable
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A ___ is a proven theory
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Scientific Law
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Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
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Law of Conservation of Energy
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___ is used to indicate the amount of matter that is present
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Mass
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Mass is measured by using a ___
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balance
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___ is the force of gravity upon matter
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Weight
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Weight is measured by a ___
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Scale
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Matter can undergo a ___ or ___ change
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Physical or Chemical
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Whenever a ___ occurs, there is never a change in chemical composition
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Physical Change
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Whenever a ___ occurs, there is always a change in chemical composition
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Chemical Change
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___ are characteristics or behavior that can be measured without generating new types of matter
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Physical Properties
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___ describes how a substance reacts with other types of matter
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Chemical Properties
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Matter is either a ___ or a ____
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Pure substance or a mixture
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Most matter is in the form of a ___
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Mixture
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In a ___, each substance remains in its own identity
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Mixture
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Mixtures can be ___ separated
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Physically
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What are the two types of mixtures?
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Heterogenous and Homogenous
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A ___ has consistent components throughout
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Homogenous mixture
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Another name for a homogenous mixture is ___
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a solution
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A ___ does not have the same composition throughout
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Heterogenous mixture
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___ always have the exact same compositions
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Pure substances
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Pure substances are either ___ or ____
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elements or compounds
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___ are the components in which everything is made of
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Elements
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___ are two or more elements chemically bounded together
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Compounds
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Compounds can only be separated by ___ means
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chemical
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Water's mass is made up of ___% Oxygen and ___% Hydrogen
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89; 11
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What does SI stand for?
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System International
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The SI System is a subset measuring system of the ___
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Metric System
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Mass is measured in ___
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Kilograms
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Length is measured in ___
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Meters
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Time is measured in ___
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Seconds
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Tera
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1 x 10^12
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Giga
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1 x 10^9
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Mega
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1 x 10^6
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Kilo
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1 x 10^3
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Centi
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1 x 10^(-2)
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Milli
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1 x 10^(-3)
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Micro
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1 x 10^(-6)
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Nano
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1 x 10^(-9)
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Express this prefix in scientific notation: Pico
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1 x 10^(-12)
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Area expression
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m^2
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Volume expression
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m^3
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Speed expression
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m/s
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Acceleration expression
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m/s^2
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Force expression
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kgm/s^2
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Density expression
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kg/m^3
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The unit of Force is ___
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Newtons
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___ is an instrument used to measure heat
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Thermometer
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A thermometer is made of the expansion of a liquid in the presence of ___ in a thin tube
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heat
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Heat is a form of ___
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energy
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___ is based off the movement of particles as a substance heats up
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Heat energy
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Heat always flows all by itself from a ___ temperature to a ___ temperature spontaneously until it reaches equilibrium. This is known as the ___.
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High to low; Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
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___ indicates the direction of heat flow
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Temperature
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___ is a measure of energy
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Heat
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___ is stored up energy by virtue of position
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Potential Energy
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___ is energy by virtue of motion
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Kinetic Energy
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Scientific notation relies on ___
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exponents
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___ is how close measurements are to an accepted value
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Accuracy
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___ is how close measurements are to each other
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Precision
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The ___ states that compounds always contain elements in definite proportions
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Law of Definite Proportions
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___ states that matter is made up of atoms, all atoms of an element are the same, atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided, and in chemical reactions, atoms combine or separate from other atoms.
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
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A cathode is a ____ electrode
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Negative
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An anode is a ____ electrode
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Positive
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Using the ______ experiment, Millikan
determined the charge of an electron. |
oil-drop
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Cathodes are deflected by ____.
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Magnets
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____ fields exert a force on things made of iron
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Magnetic Fields
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____ fields exert a force on things with an electric charge
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Electric Fields
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____ are positively charges particles that equal out the negative charges of electrons in an atom
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Protons
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Rontgen accidentally discovered ____ because it went through a wall and is now used for medical purposes
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x-rays
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____ is the spontaneous activity from radiation from an unstable nuclei
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Radioactivity
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Beta Particles have a mass of ____ and a charge of ____.
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(1/1837); Charge: 1-
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Alpha Particles have a mass of ____ and a charge of ____.
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4; Charge: 2+
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____ have no charges and are bursts of high energy of electromagnetic radiation (like x-rays)
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Gamma Rays
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Rutheford discovered with the Gold Foil experiment that protons are located in a small location of the atom known as the ____
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nucleus
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____ is the number of protons in a nucleus
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Atomic number
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____is the sum of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
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Mass Number
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Chadwick confirmed the idea of the ____, which are uncharged
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neutron
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____ have the same atomic number, but
have different mass numbers (same number of protons, but different number of neutrons). |
Isotopes
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____ determine the chemical properties of elements
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Electrons
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When chemicals "get excited," they tend to give off ____, which is electromagnetic radiation and is a form of waves
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Light
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The electro and magnetic components of light make a ____
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right angle
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____ is the distance between two successive crests
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Wavelength
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____ is the number of waves that pass a given point per second
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Frequency
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The speed of light is a _____
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Constant
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_____ light is made of all colors. What happens when it falls on an object?
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WHite; The object absorbs all of the colors besdes the color you see
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What happens in terms of light with transparent objects?
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The transparency absorbs all of the light besides the color it is made of.
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_____'s Atomic model stated that the electron moves in a circular motion around the nucleus and the electrical force is equal to the centripetal force
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Bohr
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The _____ is considered by many to be
the most predictive tool in all of chemistry. |
periodic table
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Vertical columns in the periodic
table. Groups contain elements with similar chemical properties. |
Groups (families)
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Horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Elements in a period demonstrate a range of properties from metallic (on the left) to nonmetallic (on the right) |
Periods
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Alpha particles can be stopped by ____.
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Paper
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Beta Particles can be stopped by ____.
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Aluminum
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Gamma Particles can be stopped by ____.
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a thick layer of lead
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As far as internal radiation, which is the most dangerous?
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Alpha
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What procedure is when a patient
inhales or is injected with positron-emitting isotopes such as carbon-11 or oxygen-15. When positrons encounter electrons, they emit two gamma rays, which exit the body in opposite directions. |
PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan
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What radioactive isotopes are used in medicine and why?
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Technisium 99 because of the short half life of 6 hours.
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When a radioactive nucleus emits an _____, a new nucleus forms with a mass number that is decreased by 4 and an atomic number that is decreased by 2.
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alpha particle
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A _____ is an electron emitted from the
nucleus when a neutron in the nucleus breaks down, increasing the atomic number by 1. |
beta particle
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An Alpha particle is equivalent to...?
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Helium
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After ___ half lives, radioactivity is gone.
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10
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A _____ is a particle equal in mass to an electron, but with opposite charge.
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positron
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A positron and an electron produce _____.
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2 Gamma Rays
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Artificial Transmutation is impossible by chemical means, but possible with ____.
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Radiation
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____ discovered the neutron through artificial transmutation
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Chadwick
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Bombardment of stable nuclei with alpha
particles, neutrons, or other subatomic particles can cause new elements to form |
Artificial Transmutation
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_____ is used to find out when something/someone died by half-lives.
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Carbon-14
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_____ occurs when larger
nuclei split into small nuclei. |
Nuclear Fission
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_____ is a thermonuclearreaction in
which smaller atomic nuclei are fused into larger nuclei. |
Nuclear fusion
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The atomic bomb is a result of nuclear _____.
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Fission
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The hydrogen bomb is a result of nuclear _____.
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Fusion
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