Physical Science Honors (9Th Grade Midterm)

Front 1

What is a vector?

and What are the 3 vectors?

Back 1

Vector: magnitude and direction.

3 Vectors: displacement, velocity, and acceleration

Front 2

What is distance?

Back 2

the entire path.

Front 3

What is displacement?

Back 3

how far you are from starting point.

Front 4

Velocity

vs. Acceleration?

Back 4

Velocity: the average speed or what you are going now.

Acceleration: your change in velocity over a period of time.

Front 5

What is Newton's 1st Law?

Back 5

Newton 1: An object at rest will remain at rest and if in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Front 6

What is Newton's 2nd Law?

Back 6

Newton 2: If an unbalanced force acts on an object the object will accelerate.

Front 7

What is Newton's 3rd Law?

Back 7

Newton 3: For every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.

Front 8

What are the factors of gravity?

and How do they influence gravity?

Back 8

How far apart and how large the objects/mass are.

- Bigger stronger, farther weaker.

Front 9

Examples for different forms of energy:

Back 9

Eat a sandwich, walk outside and push a car up the hill.

You go from chemical potential in the food to mechanical, to thermal, toincreasing in gravitational potential with the car going up the hill.

Front 10

Strong nuclear

vs. Weak nuclear

Back 10

Both are in the nucleus of an atom. When the nucleus is stable strong nuclear is in control, when unstable weak nuclear is happening.

Front 11

What is Gravitational energy?

Back 11

The higher you go the more gravitational potential energy you get.

- When something falls the potential transfers into kinetic.

Front 12

What is Chemical Energy?

Back 12

Chemical energy: In food and all materials since everything is made of atoms. When burned, eaten, or rots, the chemical energy converts to other formsof energy.

- Example: thermal

Front 13

Thermal energy

vs. Average kinetic energy?

Back 13

Thermal energy: is the sum total of all the potential and kinetic energy.

Average kinetic energy: When you take somethings temperature.

Front 14

What is electrical energy?

Back 14

Electrical energy: energy associated with electric charge.

Front 15

When is something accelerating

vs. not?

Back 15

When it changes velocity it accelerates. Any change in speed or direction is acceleration.

Front 16

Balanced forces

vs. Unbalanced forces?

Back 16

Balanced forces: don’t cause acceleration.

Unbalanced forces: do cause acceleration.

Front 17

What is Convection?

Back 17

Convection: only in liquids and gases and it causes matter to move, hotter rises and colder sinks.

Front 18

What is Conduction?

Back 18

Conduction: direct contact, matter touching.

Front 19

What is Radiation?

Back 19

Radiation: radiant energy in the form of electromagnetic energy.

Front 20

How does thermal energy relate to states of matter?

Back 20

Thermal energy, or how hot the atoms are, determines whether the matter will be a solid, liquid, or gas. The hotter the faster.

Front 21

What is an Insulator?

Back 21

Insulators: highest resistance, their electrons resist movement to other atoms.

Front 22

What is a Semiconductor?

Back 22

Semiconductors: allow some movement of electrons and some flow of current.

Front 23

What is a Conductor?

Back 23

Conductors: allow flow of electrons and current.

Front 24

What is a Superconductor?

Back 24

Superconductors: very little resistance, electrons flow easily.

Front 25

Light,

Sound,

and the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

Back 25

Sound: mechanical wave, requires a medium.

Light: part of the electromagnetic spectrum, doesn't require a medium.

ELM: All energy/light on the ELM travels at the speed of lightor 300,000,000 m/s.

Front 26

Wavelength,

Frequency,

and Period?

Back 26

Wavelength: distance between waves.

Frequency: the number of waves in a given

second.

Period: the time between waves.

Front 27

How does the Doppler Effect work?

Back 27

As a wave gets closer the sound gets louder.

Front 28

What is the speed of the different EM spectrum waves? What affects their speed?

Back 28

They all go the speed of light, 300,000,000 m/s. They do slow down when they enter new mediums such as gas, languid, solids.

Front 29

What is Potential Difference?

Back 29

Potential difference: measured in volts, is the pressure or the push on electrons.

Front 30

What is Current?

Back 30

Current: measured in amps, is the flow rate of electrons.

Front 31

What is Resistance?

Back 31

Resistance: measured in Ohm’s is the friction the electrons run into.

Front 32

Scientific law

vs. Theory?

Back 32

Law: a statement of fact without an explanation.

Theory: a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results.

Front 33

Open Systems

vs. Closed Systems

Back 33

Open Systems: allow energy to flow in and out. - All living things are open systems

Closed Systems: would hold on to their energy.

Front 34

Theory of Electromagnetism:

Back 34

The wavelength determines the frequency and the frequency determines the type of wave on the ELM spectrum. The lower the frequency the lower the energy level. The higher the frequency the higher the energy level.

Front 35

What is Gravitational Force?

Back 35

Goes on forever, everything is attracted to everything else in the universe, mass and distance.

Front 36

What is Electromagnetic Force?

Back 36

Both electrical and magnetic properties, can attract and repel.

Front 37

What is Strong Nuclear?

Back 37

Strongest force known in the universe, attraction between the proton and neutron that holds the atoms together.

Front 38

What is Weak Nuclear?

Back 38

Proton and neutron attracts in an atom, weak nuclear takes hold of atom, radioactive.