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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Age of the Universe?
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14 billion years
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All large spirals and elipticals probably have what at thier centers?
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Black holes
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Asthenospheres and lithosphere.
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Boundary between rising rocks.
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Big Bang what does it mean?
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Begining of the universe.
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Characteristics of population I and II objects
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Classifications of stars, milky Way, glaxy and sun.
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Characteristics of Red Giant Stars.
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Slant/cool-red, dying stars
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Chief sourse of the energy that powers geological processes today.
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Internal Heat.
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Denisity of granitic continental crust compared to basaltic oceanic crust
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heavy rock dense granite
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Element that is most abundant in earth's crust.
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Oxygen
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End state of a heavy star(greater than about 8 solar masses)
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neutron star
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End state of stars starting with less than about 8 solar masses.
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white dwarf
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Energy source of quasars
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bright far away galaxy formed matter falling into a black hole
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Evidence suggests that the universe consists of dark energy dark matter and barionic (visible) matter, what are these proportions roughly
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75% dark energy, 20% dark matter, 10% visible
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For building large telescopes which is the best glass lenses or mirrors
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mirrors
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galactic shapes
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major kinds:
spiral: organized rotation gas and dust contributes to star formation, 10 new stars per year. eliptical: no definate rotation, old, used up all gas and dust, no new star formation. irregulars: |
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3 heavy elements in the earth were a consequence of what?
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Previous super-nova explosions, material ejected contributes to gas and dust in galaxy contributing to new stars.
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How does the age of oceanic crust compare with continental crust.
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Oceanic: basaltic, young
Continental: grantic, old |
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How is the Pacific Plate moving to create the San Andreas Fault
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Transform Fault: sliding motion
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H-R diagram, most stars are where?
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On the main sequence, 90%
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Information about the orgin of the universe does not come from what evidence?
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Hydrogen and Helium, background radiation.
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Matter-antimatter proportion in the universe.
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When creating matter, antimatter particle is created, all anti matter has disappeared. We live in a "matter" universe.
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Mid-ocean ridge
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Divergent Plate boundary (creating new basaltic crust)
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Mineral characteristics as far as shape, state of matter and chemical composition.
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Shape: chrystilline solid, solid state of matter
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Most volcanoes are located where
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subduction zones (ie. Jananese Island)
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Ocean Floors consist mainly of
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basalt, denser heavier rock
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Present age and expected lifetime of the sun and earth
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4-5 billion years old, expected 10 billion.
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Primary cosmic rays from where do they arise and from where do they circulate
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27 primary, they are really particals from super nova explosions and are ciculating at a constant rate, arise from...
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regions in which molten rock rises and spreads out in the earths crust are called what
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Divergent plate boundaries
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Stars whose intrinsic brightness (luminousity and period of variation are related)
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Cepheie Variables slight change in luminousity variables
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Subduction Zone
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Convergent Plate boundary
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Sun has what location in what galaxy?
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2/3 way out from galactic center
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Sun's energy source
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Nuclear fusion of hydrogen and helium
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Sun spots effects on earth
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magnetic fields, solar flares, for example can effect earth, can disrupt communication.
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The metamorphism of shale may produce what metamophic rock
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slate
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The proportionality between the reccession speeds of the galaxies and thier distaces from the earth is known as?
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Hubles Law: V=H x d
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The Richter Earthquake magnitude Scale
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Powers of 10:
2 magnitude division is 10 times the amplitude (height of wave) 3 magnitude 100 amplitude, etc. |
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Today's universe is bathed in a sea of radio waves called what?
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Cosmic Microwave Background radiation
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What does it mean that a star has a red shift?
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Moving away, light is shifting toward the red end of the spectrum.
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What force makes a black hole black
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gravity
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What property can be determined from double binary stars?
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mass
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What was the cosmic abundance of helium created?
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3 minutes after the big bang
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Acceleration of gravity acting on a projectile in 1 dimention
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Freely falling only gravity is acting on it. gravity is always acting on an object no matter where it is. 9.8 m/s^2
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Acceleration, calculation
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Change in velocity/Time it takes to make the change
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Acceleration two ways it can occur
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Speeding up, slowing down, or change direction
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Action and reaction pairs for a falling object
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All forces occur in pairs, action reaction, push, pull
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Alpha decay, Reason for.
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For heaviest elements: too heavy to be stable, so decays, too many nuclear particles
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Archimedes Principle as applies to a floating object
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Water displaced is equal to weight of object floating
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Atom and nuceus, relative sizes
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Nucleus is very small compared to whole atom
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Beta Decay, why does it occur
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Too many neutrons for the nucleus to be stable
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Calculation of electric power
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power = current x voltage
P = I x V |
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Classification of matter
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mixtures, compounds, elements
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Compositions, Revolutions, rotation, axial tilt of the planets
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Inner planets: Rocky, terrestrial
Outer Planets : Gas Axial: Different depending on planet |
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Consequences of the postulates of Einsteins Special relativity
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effects time, slows, lengthens, contracts
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Copernicus what was he known for.
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helio centric world view
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Covalent bonding
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Sharing of electrons, ie. carbon
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Current length standard in the metric system
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distance traveled by light in 1/300 million seconds
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definition of energy
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ability or capacity to do work
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Einsteins General Relativity
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Matter warps or distorts and;local distortion of space time by matter is gravity.
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Electric transformers
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Transform Voltage
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Element and compound difference in the two
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Element: one kind of atom
Compound: different atoms bonded together |
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Element what defines it
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# of protons
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Energy transformations
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energy is never destroyed just transformed from one form to another
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Evaporative process
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Dissapearance of high speed particles from liquid lowering temperature of body of liquid.
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Fission and fusion: fundamental thing that happens in these processes
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Turning some mass into energy
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Fundamental cause of electromagnetic waves
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Electric charges accelerating
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Heat engine ways to increase efficiency
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Ethermal =1-(Tc/Th), increase high temp or decrease low temp
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Hetero and homogeneous mixtures
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Hetero: mixed composition
Homo: Same composition |
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How many bonds must carbon and oxygen come from?
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Carbon - 4
Oxygen - 2 |
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Jupiters mass, composition, internal structure, surface features
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-Very massive (300 times of earth)
-mostly gas, -internal liquid gas under pressure -convection currents smeared into bands - |
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Law of Inertia (Newton's First Law)
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Object resists a change in motion, has inertia
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Magnetism: Fundamental Cause
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Electric charges in motion
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Momentum conservation: recoil
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High Velocity bullet out of gun, recoil motion of gun \velocity x mass
equal both ways |
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Best moon origion theory
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Giant Impact
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Newton's Second Law, analysis
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acceleration = force/mass all falling objects accelerate at same rate
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Number of compounds and elements found in Nature
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about 100 elements: innumerable compouds
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Why is organic compound number so large?
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Carbon can bond to itself and other elements
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O is _____ bonded to C in functional groups.
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double
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R-OH
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Alcohol
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R=C-H
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Aldehyde
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R-C-OH
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Carboxyl Acids
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R-O-R
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Ether
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R-C-R
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Ketone
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R-C-O-R
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Ester
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Projectile motion
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motion in 2 directions
(vertical and horzontal) horzontal: has no forces acting on it vertical: gravity acts on object |
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solar eclipse
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eclipse of sun
SUN MOON EARTH |
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lunar eclipse
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SUN EARTH MOON
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Defintion of temperature at the microscopic level
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Measure of average random kenetic energy of a particle (straight line kenetic energy)
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Fundamental cause of tide raise by moon.
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One side of moon is closer to sun. same pull on opposite sides
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Surface characteristics, and causes of Venus and Mars
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Venus - hot, runway greehouse effect too close to sun
Mars - cold, runway refrigerator effect too far from sun |