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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immediate responses |
How people react during a disaster and straight afterwards |
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Plate |
A section of the earths crust l |
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Plate margin |
The boundary where two plates meet |
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Mantle |
The dense, mostly solid layer of earth between the outer core and the crust |
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Convection currents |
The circular currents of heat in the mantle |
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Destructive plate margin |
A plate margin where two plates are moving towards each other resulting in one sinking beneath the other |
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Constructive plate margin |
A plate margin where two plates are moving apart |
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Continental plate |
A tectonic plate made of low density continental rock that will not sink under another plate |
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Oceanic plate |
A tectonic plate made of dense iron rich rock that forms the ocean floor |
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Subduction |
When oceanic crust sinks under continental crust at a destructive margin |
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Collision |
When two plates of continental crust meet head on and buckle |
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Volcano |
An opening in the earths crust through which molten lava, ash and gases are ejected |
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Conservative plate margin |
A plate margin where two plates are sliding alongside each other |
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Earthquake |
A sudden and often violent shift in the rock forming the earths crust, which is felt at the surface |
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Fold mountains |
Large mountain ranges where rock layers have been crumpled as they have been forced together |
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Ocean trenches |
Deep sections of the ocean, usually where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate |
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Composite volcano |
A steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash |
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Sheild volcano |
A broad volcano that is mostly made up of lava |
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Subsistence |
Farming to provide food and other resources for the farmers own family |
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Terraces |
Steps cut into hillsides to create areas of flat land |
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Irrigation |
Artificial watering of the land |
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Hydroelectric power |
The use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity |
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Natural hazard |
An event over which people have little control, which threatens people's lives and possessions. This is different from a natural event as volcanoes can erupt without being a hazard |
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Primary effects |
The immediate effects of the eruption, caused directly by it. |
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Secondary effects |
The after effects that occur as an indirect effect of the eruption on a longer timescale. |
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Aid |
Money, food, training and technology given by richer countries to poorer ones, either to help with an emergency or for long term development |
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Immediate responses |
How people react during a disaster and straight afterwards |
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Long term responses |
Later reactions that happen in the weeks, months and years after the event |
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Lahar |
Mudflows resulting from ash mixing with ice or water- a secondary effect of a volcano |
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Lahar |
Mudflows resulting from ash mixing with ice or water- a secondary effect of a volcano |
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Hazard maps |
A map that shows areas that are at risk from hazards such as earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, floods and tsunamis |
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Super volcano |
A mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1,000km3 of material |
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Caldera |
The depression of the super volcano marking the collapsed magma chamber |
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Caldera |
The depression of the super volcano marking the collapsed magma chamber |
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Geothermal |
Water that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways |
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Geyser |
A geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure |
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Hot spot |
A section of the earths crust where plumes of magma rise, weakening the crust. These are away from plate boundaries |
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Focus |
The point in the earths crust where the earthquake begins |
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Richter scale |
A scale ranging from 0 to 10 used for measuring earthquakes, based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement |
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Richter scale |
A scale ranging from 0 to 10 used for measuring earthquakes, based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement |
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Epicentre |
The point at the earths surface directly above the focus |
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Shock waves |
Seismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earths crust |
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Shock waves |
Seismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earths crust |
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Mercalli scale |
A means of measuring earthquakes by describing and comparing the damage done, on a scale of I to XII |
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The three Ps |
A collective term for prediction, protection and preparation |
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The three Ps |
A collective term for prediction, protection and preparation |
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Prediction |
Attempts to forecast an event- where and when it will happen- based on current knowledge |
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Protection |
Constructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse |
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Protection |
Constructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse |
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Preparation |
Organising activities and drills so that people know what to do if an earthquake happens. |
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Tsunami |
A special type of waves where an event, often an earthquake, moves the entire depth of the water above it |
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Ecosystem |
The living and non living parts of an environment and the interrelationships that exist between them |
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Ecosystem |
The living and non living parts of an environment and the interrelationships that exist between them |
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Biomes |
Global scale ecosystems |
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Adaptations |
The ways that plays evolve to cope with environmental conditions such as lots of rainfall |
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Producers |
Organisms that get their energy from a primary source such as the sun |
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Consumer |
Organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms |
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Consumer |
Organisms that get their energy by eating other organisms |
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Food chain |
A line of linkages between producers and consumers |
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Food web |
A diagram that shows all the linkages between producers and consumers in an ecosystem |
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Scavengers |
Organisms that consume dead animals or plants |
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Scavengers |
Organisms that consume dead animals or plants |
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Decomposers |
Organisms such as bacteria that breakdown plant and animal material |
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Scavengers |
Organisms that consume dead animals or plants |
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Decomposers |
Organisms such as bacteria that breakdown plant and animal material |
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Nutrient cycling |
The recycling of nutrients between living organisms and the environment |
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Temperate deciduous forest |
Forest made up of broad-leaved trees such as oak that drop their leaves in the autumn |
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Stratification |
Layering of forests, seen particularly in temperate deciduous forest and tropical rainforests |
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Stratification |
Layering of forests, seen particularly in temperate deciduous forest and tropical rainforests |
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Tropical rainforests |
The natural vegetation found in the tropics, well suited to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall of these latitudes |
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Stratification |
Layering of forests, seen particularly in temperate deciduous forest and tropical rainforests |
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Tropical rainforests |
The natural vegetation found in the tropics, well suited to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall of these latitudes |
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Leaching |
The dissolving and removal of nutrients from the soil, often in tropical rainforests because of the heavy rainfall |
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Stratification |
Layering of forests, seen particularly in temperate deciduous forest and tropical rainforests |
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Tropical rainforests |
The natural vegetation found in the tropics, well suited to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall of these latitudes |
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Leaching |
The dissolving and removal of nutrients from the soil, often in tropical rainforests because of the heavy rainfall |
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Arid |
Dry conditions typically associated with deserts |
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Stratification |
Layering of forests, seen particularly in temperate deciduous forest and tropical rainforests |
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Tropical rainforests |
The natural vegetation found in the tropics, well suited to the high temperatures and heavy rainfall of these latitudes |
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Leaching |
The dissolving and removal of nutrients from the soil, often in tropical rainforests because of the heavy rainfall |
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Arid |
Dry conditions typically associated with deserts |
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Hot deserts |
Deserts have a rainfall of less than 250mm per year. Hot deserts are generally found between 30°N and 30°S. |
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Pollarding |
Cutting off trees at about shoulder height to encourage new growth |
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Sustainable management |
A form of management that ensures that development are long lasting and non harmful to the environment |
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Sustainable management |
A form of management that ensures that development are long lasting and non harmful to the environment |
