Phys: Test 3: Lecture 12. Effects Of Training

Front 1

1. What is VdotO2?

Back 1

a. Rate of O2 consumption

Front 2

how does VdotO2 change with exercise?

Back 2

a. Increases linearly with work rate up to VO2 max

Front 3

what mechanisms play a role in changing VdotO2?

Back 3

a. Increased ventilation
b. Increased CO
c. Increased muscle O2 extraction

Front 4

in a normal person what limits VdotO2max?

Back 4

Cardiac Output

Front 5

6. As maximum Q increases, what happens to VO2 max?

Back 5

a. It increases

Front 6

7. When can the lung limit VO2max?

Back 6

a. In athletes
b. Lung can limit VO2max during severe exercise in athletes
c. Get exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia
i. Decreased SaO2 close to VO2max
ii. Can be overcome by breathing higher [O2]
d. To try and maintain VO2max, highly trained athletes will have excessive respiratory muscle work
i. This will actually consume some of the VO2 (taking it away from striated muscle)

Front 7

8. How does muscle O2 extraction increase VO2 max

Back 7

a. O2 extraction’ depends on rate of O2 diffusion from capillary to mitochondria
i. Fick’s Law
b. Training → ↑ muscle diffusive capacity →
i. ↑ VO2 MAX

Front 8

11. Onset of muscle fatigue dependent on?

Back 8

a. Fiber type
i. Can be altered with training (think sprint vs. distance)
b. Accumulation of K+, lactate
c. Reduction of pH
d. Depletion of glycogen, PCr

Front 9

12. When does exhaustion occur more rapidly?

Back 9

a. Nearer the VO2max

Front 10

14. Discuss the differences in women with respect to VO, muscle mass, body fat, Hb, and power output

Back 10

a. VO2 MAX is 8-12% lower
b. ↓ muscle mass and ↑ body fat
c. ↓ Hb levels
d. Power output for same VO2 not different
e. Thus
i. To achieve same power output requires working at a higher % of VO2 MAX
1. Anaerobic Threshold occurs at ↓ power outputs in women

Front 11

15. What happens to VO2max with age?

Back 11

a. It decreases
b. What about with trained athletes?
i. 2 things: will be more sedentary AND will decrease due to age…sorry

Front 12

What does training do to VdotO2 max? What does this mean about the lactate threshold?

Back 12

Increases it

will take longer to get to anarobic threshold, so you have resistance to fatigue

Front 13

18. What are the cardiovascular effects of training?

Back 13

a. VO2 MAX = HROPT x SVOPT x (a-v O2 difference)MAX
i. Maximal Q is increased
ii. Resting HR is lowered but maximal HR is unchanged
iii. Maximal SV increases
iv. Modest reduction in BP

Front 14

19. What happens to stroke volume during training? How? What is a possible side effect?

Back 14

a. It increases
b. Via plasma expansion
i. Increases preload and EDV
c. Side effect: reduces hematocrit
i. SPORTS ANEMIA

Front 15

how do new capillaries and oxidative enzymes enhance O2 extraction?

Back 15

Capillaries: decrease diffusion distance and increase muscle blood flow

Oxidative enzymes: increase PO2 gradient, increase rate of O2 diffusion

Front 16

the increase in maximum cardiac output seen with training is mainly due to an increase in what?

Back 16

maximal stroke volume

Front 17

What does exercise training do to insulin?

Back 17

increases its sensitivity by increasing receptor protein, glucose transporters etc. Good for Type 2 diabetes

Front 18

what does exercise do to bone density?

Back 18

increases it

Front 19

what does exercise do to leukocyte and lymphocyte concentrations?

Back 19

increases