Phrm 2011 Allergies Cough And Cold

Front 1

seasonal allergic rhinitis

Back 1

hayfever, specific seasonal allergens e.g. pollen

Front 2

perennial allergic rhinitis

Back 2

year round allergy
e.g. house dust mites

Front 3

allergic rhinitis

Back 3

allergen penetrating nasal mucosal barrier & interacting with IgE antibodies on the mast cells within the nasal muscous

Front 4

early phase reaction

Back 4

mediators released
histamine, neutrophil chemotactic factor and eosinophil, bradykinins

leukotrienes, theomboxanes, prostaglandins

Front 5

late phase reaction

Back 5

influx of inflamatory cells

Front 6

allergy treatment

Back 6

antihistamines, corticosteroids, sodium cromoglycate, ipatropium bromide

Front 7

1st gen antihistamines

Back 7

diphenhydramine, dexchlorpheniramine, doxylamine, promethazine

Front 8

2nd gen antihistamine

Back 8

loratidine, cetrizine, fexofenadine, chloropheriramine

Front 9

antihistamine spray

Back 9

levocabastine
azalastine

Front 10

action of sedating and non sedating antihistamines

Back 10

all act on H1 receptors
sedating - cross BBB therefore anticholinergic

Front 11

se of 1st gen antihistamines

Back 11

drowsiness, decreased bp, anticholinergic effects, paradoxical, GI upset

Front 12

antihistamines - pregnancy breast feeding

Back 12

safe in both

Front 13

corticosteriods

Back 13

beclomethasone
fluticasone
budesonide
triamcinoclone
mometasone

Front 14

corticosteroid effect, time of response, side effects

Back 14

not immediate response (few hours to days)
well tolerated only side effects - sneezing, stinging
local effect, not systemic

Front 15

MOA corticosteriods

Back 15

cause vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa
anti inflammatory effects

Front 16

corticosteriods - preggers breast feeding

Back 16

safe

Front 17

sodium cromoclycate

Back 17

antihistamine
mast cell stabilizer
effect in 2-4weeks
few SE: sneezing, stinging, headache
spray

Front 18

ipatropium bromide

Back 18

anticholinergic drug
action on submucosal glands (dries nasal secretions)
not systemic
nasal spray
SE: dryness, bleeding, headache

Front 19

ipatropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate - preg bf

Back 19

safe for both

Front 20

cough and cold

Back 20

deconjestants (oral and intranasal), expectorants, cough suppressent antitussives, antihistamines, analgesics

Front 21

deconjestants oral

Back 21

phenylephrine(se; bradycardia), psuedoephidrine (se:tachycardia)

acts on adrenoreceptors on vascular smooth muscle

SE: CNS stimulation, excitability, insomnia

Front 22

intranasal deconjestants

Back 22

ephidrine, phenylephidrine, oxymetazoline, tramazoline, xylometazoline.

intranasal vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa.

se: rebound conjestion, nasal discharge, stinging

Front 23

deconjestants in preg bf

Back 23

oral: avoid especially in first trimester
bf: safe both
intranasal all safe

Front 24

drug interactions with oral decongestants

Back 24

CNS stimulants, levodopa, anticholinergic drugs, antidepressants, cardiovascular drugs, anaesthetics

Front 25

expectorants

Back 25

guiphenesin - irritant (vago-vagal nerve)
bromhexine - mucolytic (disintergrates into fragments)

increase sputum volume and decrease viscosity

Front 26

se of expectorants

Back 26

stomach pain and nausea

Front 27

expectorants in preg and bf

Back 27

safe

Front 28

antitussives

Back 28

codeine, pholocodine, dextromethorphan, dihydrocodine, carbatapentane citrate, diphenhydramine

temporary relief of non productive cough

Front 29

MOA antitussives

Back 29

increases threshold of cough receptors

temporary relief of non productive cough

Front 30

SE antitussives

Back 30

drowsiness, constipation, nausea, vomiting

Front 31

pregnanacy bf antitussives

Back 31

safe and no date (BF)