Photosynthesis And Cell Energy

Front 1

Autotroph

Back 1

Organisms that are able to synthesize molecules from inorganic molecules (producer). Most are photosynthetic (organisms that use light energy to synthesize organic molecules).

Front 2

Heterotroph

Back 2

Organisms that must take in preformed organic molecules (Consumers). Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and decomposers.

Front 3

Herbivore

Back 3

Feed directly on plants

Front 4

Omnivore

Back 4

Feed on plants and animals (BLT)

Front 5

Decomposer

Back 5

break down organic matter and animal waste to release inorganic nutrients back to the environment for re-use.

Front 6

Basic balanced equation for photosynthetic reaction?

Back 6

6CO2+6H2O --> C6H12O6+6O2 (--> light energy and chlorophyll.)

Front 7

Photosynthesis

Back 7

"capturing light energy in the bonds of a glucose molecule."

Front 8

Is photosynthesis a single or multi-step anabolic process?

Back 8

complex multi-step metabolic pathway.

Front 9

Is the anablic process of photosynthesis divided into subpathways?

Back 9

2 sets of reactions/sub pathways. Light reactions and carbon reactions.

Front 10

Sunlight in terms of wavelength. What forms have the shortest and longest?

Back 10

Shortest - gamma rays. Longest - radio waves.

Front 11

What forms have the greatest and least energy?

Back 11

Gamma rays have the most energy. Radio waves have the last energy.

Front 12

Photon

Back 12

radiant energy in terms of wavelength and energy content

Front 13

Seven divisions of the electromagnetic spectrum (in sequence)

Back 13

Red (longest), orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

Front 14

Does visible light form a large or small part of the overall electromagnetic spectrum?

Back 14

Small part

Front 15

What is visible light?

Back 15

Color

Front 16

About how much of the solar energy striking earth's atmosphere actually reaches earth?

Back 16

42%

Front 17

What blocks the rest of the solar energy from reaching earth?

Back 17

High energy- ozone layer

Low energy- water vapor and carbon dioxide

Front 18

About how much of the solar energy striking Earth's atmosphere is used for photosynthesis?

Back 18

1%

Front 19

Function of photosynthetic pigments

Back 19

capture light energy to power the photosynthetic process

Front 20

What is the most abundant of the photosynthetic pigments?

Back 20

Cholorphyll A

Front 21

Chlorophyll B and caroteniods are referred to as _________ pigments

Back 21

accessory

Front 22

What ranges of light are used by chlorophylls and carotenoids in photosynthesis? What range is not absorbed?

Back 22

Cholorphyll: Used - red/orange. Not used- blue/violet

Caroteniods: Used - violet/blue/green. Not used- Red/yellow/orange

Front 23

Why are leaves green?

Back 23

Due to chloroplasts and the color they reflect.

Front 24

What colors are caroteniods and why? Function?

Back 24

Red, orange, yellow. and then pass energy to chlorophyll A

Front 25

What is the primary photosynthetic organ of most plants?

Back 25

The leaf

Front 26

Stomata and their function

Back 26

Tiny openings in the leaf allowing exchange of CO2 and O2

Front 27

Primary site of photosynthesis in the leaf?

Back 27

Mesophyll

Front 28

Mesophyll

Back 28

middle layer of leaf where cells have many chloroplasts.

Front 29

How many membranes surround a chloroplast?

Back 29

Double Membrane (2)

Front 30

Grana (a granum)

Back 30

A stack of thylakiods

Front 31

Thylakoids

Back 31

Flattened membrane bound sacs.

Front 32

Stroma

Back 32

Large, fluid-filled, central space of the cholorplast. Where carbohydrates are produced.

Front 33

What pigments are located in the membranes of the thylakoids

Back 33

Green (?)

Front 34

What are the two major sets of reactions (sub-pathways) involved in photosynthesis and where do they occur?

Back 34

Light reactions - occur in thylakoid membranes

Carbon reactions - occur in the stroma of the chloroplast

Front 35

What is used in light reactions and what are the products?

Back 35

Captures energy of sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. Uses water and releases oxygen as a byproduct.

Front 36

Sugar in light reaction pathway

Back 36

No sugar is made in this pathway

Front 37

Where are the two photo-systems used in light reactions?

Back 37

Photo-system 2: adsorb solar energy to power its reactions.

Photo-system 1: absorb solar energy to power its reactions.

Front 38

What are the products of each photo-system in each light reaction?

Back 38

P2: ATP

P1: NADPH

Front 39

Does either photo-system in light reaction use an electron transport chain? (ETC)

Back 39

Photo-system 1

Front 40

What is NADPH

Back 40

High energy molecule that carries two high energy electrons.

Front 41

In the photosynthetic process, where is NADPH made and used?

Back 41

Made in photo-system 1. Used by the carbon reactions (Calvin cycle) to produce carbohydrate.

Front 42

What is used in, and what are the products of the Carbon Reactions (Calvin Cycle Reactions)?

Back 42

Uses: Carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH from light reactions to form sugar molecules, PGAL.

Front 43

Carbon Reactions and Sugar

Back 43

Produces sugar

Front 44

Where do carbon reactions take place?

Back 44

Stroma

Front 45

What is the first (immediate) carbohydrate molecule produced by photosynthesis?

Back 45

PGAL, 3-carbon molecule

Front 46

How many carbons does the first Carb. Molecule produced by photosynthesis have?

Back 46

3

Front 47

Identify two six-carbon monosaccharides

Back 47

Glucose and fructose

Front 48

Identify a disaccharide

Back 48

Sucrose (fructose + glucose)

Front 49

Identify two polysaccharides

Back 49

Starch and cellulose

Front 50

Can plants make fats/oils and amino acids?

Back 50

Yes

Front 51

What molecule produced by photosynthesis is used for producing fats, oils, and amino acids?

Back 51

PGAL

Front 52

What is the mechanism of fixing CO2 in C3, C4, and CAM photosynthesis?

Back 52

Calvin Cycle

Front 53

C3 and C4 photosynthesis

Back 53

C3 is most common and C4 is least common

Front 54

What is the location of the Calvin Cycle reactions in each?

Back 54

C3: Mesophyll cells

C4: Bundle sheath cells

CAM: Mesophyll cells

Front 55

In what type of environmental conditions is each photosynthetic type generally found?

Back 55

C3: temperate climate

C4: hot, dry climate

CAM: arid regions; desert

Front 56

What type of environmental conditions inhibits or harms the growth of C3 plants?

Back 56

Hot, dry conditions because it prevents gas exchange. Causes photoresporation which decreases enzyme efficiency and slows photosynthesis.

Front 57

Examples of C3 plants

Back 57

wheat, rice, oats, peanuts, soybeans, Kentucky bluegrass, rye grass

Front 58

Examples of C4 plants

Back 58

sugar cane, corn, Bermuda grass, crabgrass

Front 59

Examples of CAM plants

Back 59

Pineapple, cactus, and other desert plants