Philosophy Final Exam

Front 1

Define: Veil of Ignorance

Back 1

The shield between who we are and who we need to be in the original position - it strips away our position and assets in society

Front 2

Define: Social Contract Theory

Back 2

agreement among individuals of a society that defines what can and cannot be done both to each other and to/by the government

Front 3

Define: Reflective Equilibrium

Back 3

Method of Achieving ethical coherence. Once we have a set of principles that do not contradict each other we then establish an overall theory that unites the principles .

Front 4

Define: Justice in Holdings ( 3 principles)

Back 4

1.) Original acquisition: a person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitled to that holding
2.) Transfer of holdings: a person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in transfer.
3.) No one is entitled to a holding except by application of 1 and 2

Front 5

Define: Contract Pregnancy:

Back 5

A woman agrees to carry a child for another- either by being impregnated (genetic surrogacy) or by being implanted with an embryo

Front 6

Define: Asymmetry Thesis (in aspect to a Woman's Reproductive Labor)

Back 6

There should be an asymmetry between the treatment of reproductive labor and other forms of labor.

Front 7

Define: Choice Constraints ( who does it counter act)

Back 7

Indicates that some market interactions may not be truly voluntary. (Counter argument to Nozick)

Front 8

Define: Deontology

Back 8

An act is right if it conforms to a moral norm/rule

Front 9

What are the Defining Features of Deontology

Back 9

Consequences are wholly irrelevant. ( except in forming the initial rule)

Right is more important than Good

Emphasis on Rationality

Front 10

Define: Hypothetical Imperatives:

Back 10

Things you should do IF you want to satisfy a desire. " If you wan tot pass this class, you ought to show up to class"

Front 11

Define: Categorical Imperative

Back 11

Things you should do regardless of your desires. "You ought not lie"

Front 12

What are Categorical "oughts" derived from?

Back 12

Reason Alone

Front 13

What is the meaning of a "punishment must be retributive"?

Back 13

Eye for an Eye

Front 14

Define: Psychological Egoism

Back 14

Only thing anyone is capable of desiring or pursuing is their own self interest

Front 15

Define: Relativism

Back 15

Right and wrong vary from individual/group/culture. Our idea of good here is different than over there where it might be bad.

Front 16

Define: Utilitarianism

Back 16

An act is only right if it brings out a state of affairs that maximizes the good

Front 17

Define: Hedonistic Utilitarianism:

Back 17

An act is right if it maximizes pleasure .

Front 18

Define: Preference Utilitarianism

Back 18

An act is right if it maximizes preference satisfaction

Front 19

Define: Act utilitarianism

Back 19

Each and every act has its rightness and wrongness determined by its particular consequences

Front 20

Define: Rule Utilitarianism:

Back 20

Universalized rules are formed based on their tendency to maximize the good.

Front 21

What is Singers Argument about Killing and Let Die

Back 21

His argument relies on collapsing the distinction between killing and letting die

Front 22

How does Smart argue that restricted utilitarianism either fails or else collapses into extreme utilitarianism?

Back 22

If we based everything off of rules alone, there will always be a conflict of rules which would then cause restricted to fall into extreme.