Philosophy Exam 1

Front 1

Hope is the only good that is common to all men; those who have nothing else possess hope still.

Back 1

Thales qoute

Front 2

Nothing is more active than thought, for it travels over the universe, and nothing is stronger than necessity for all must submit to it.

Back 2

Thales

Front 3

The most difficult thing in life is to know yourself.

Back 3

Thales

Front 4

The earliest of the Greek Philosophers who lived in Miletus in Ancient Greece (600 -545 B.C.) He is now known as the father of Greek philosophy. He was the first to propose a solution to the problem question "What is the 'stuff' the from which all things come?

Back 4

Thales

Front 5

c.611-c.547 BC, Greek philosopher, b. Miletus; pupil of Thales . He made the first attempt to offer a detailed explanation of all aspects of nature. He argued that since there are so many different sorts of things, they must all have originated from something less differentiated than water, and this primary source, the boundless or the indefinite ( apeiron )

Back 5

Anaximander

Front 6

What is the "Aperion"

Back 6

A theory created be Anaximander. This is material that relates to the "infinite Boundless" an indefinite substance from which all things are born and to which all things will return.

Front 7

A philospher from 530 B.C
Miletus in the same time period suggested that the original 'stuff' of which all else in the universe was made was air. He realised that animals and man needed air to survive. He thought air turned into flesh and bone, and blood. Therefore he reasoned that air could become wind, clouds, earth, and stone. We now know that oxygen, an element of air, is needed for all living breathing organisms.

Back 7

Anaximines

Front 8

Everything made of "water

Back 8

Thales

Front 9

Everything made from the "infinite Boundless" or Apeiron

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Anaximander

Front 10

Everthing made of "Air"

Back 10

Anaximines

Front 11

He lived around 550 B.C
He was an Ionian Greek mathematician and founder of the religious movement

Back 11

Who is Pythagoras?

Front 12

Pythagoras religious movement called ******?

Back 12

Pythagoreanism.

Front 13

Was the first to call himself a philospher?

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Pythagoras

Front 14

Believed all things are made of numbers

Back 14

Pythagoras

Front 15

This was an ancient city on the western coast of Anatolia (in what is now Aydin Province, Turkey)

Back 15

Militus

Front 16

What is the Arche or Urstoff?

Back 16

This is the stuff that that the makes up the the universe.
Thales believed this to be water.Anaximander believed this to be "infinite Boundless"

Front 17

What is greek Excellence called

Back 17

Arete

Front 18

What is "hubris"

Back 18

Overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance

Front 19

When was the Axial Age

Back 19

800- 200 BCE according to Karl Jasper

Front 20

What is the Axial Age?

Back 20

When Five great religious and culture beliefs and civilzations emerged.

Front 21

What were the Five great religious and culture civilzations of the "Axial Age".

Back 21

1.Greeks
2. Israel-Judo christian
3.Persia- Islam
4. India -Hinduism
5.China- Buddism
4.

Front 22

Who is "Heraclitus

Back 22

Lived 540 -500 BCE
Belived that Change is a constant.

Front 23

Upon those who step into the same rivers flow other and yet other waters.

Back 23

Heraclitus

Front 24

Governing Forces are Hate and Love

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Heraclitus

Front 25

What is Logos?

Back 25

This term used by Hericlitus and has many meanings to the greeks. The main meaning may be underlying pattern of change, must have a structure. This type of change exist in nature.

Front 26

There is no many only the "one"

Back 26

Parmenides

Front 27

Who qouted "for thought and being are the same

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parmenides

Front 28

Parmenides is the first philospher to use *****?

Back 28

rationalism

Front 29

What is air in motion, breath, wind," equivalent in the material monism of Anaximenes to as the element from which all else originated; the earliest extant occurrence of the term

Back 29

Pnuema

Front 30

What is Plenum ?

Back 30

Fullness

Front 31

When did Parmendes live?

Back 31

500-450 BC

Front 32

What is the base concept for Parmenides.

Back 32

Change and multiplicity are an illusion

Front 33

means "goodness", "excellence" or "virtue" A greek ideal that one should live up to.

Back 33

Arete

Front 34

What are Zeno's belief's?

Back 34

created paradoxes. If a race track can be subdivided it may be done so an infinite number of times. But how can a runner cross an infinite number of points.

Front 35

Proofs that change and motion are impossible.

Back 35

Zeno

Front 36

Who has Zeno a student of?

Back 36

Parmenides

Front 37

What two figures are important for devolping the thought of "Atomism"

Back 37

Democritus and Leucippus

Front 38

The universe is composed of four elements ("many Ones")
Which continullay mix and remix in s cycle guided by two forces

Back 38

EMpedocles 440

Front 39

What are the four elements empedocles stated made the universe

Back 39

1. earth
2. air
3. water
4. fire

Front 40

What are the forces that empedocles stated made the universe.

Back 40

1. Love - brings particles together
2. Strife seperates particles.

Front 41

When did Anaxagoras live

Back 41

500- 450 bc

Front 42

What is the philosophy of Parmenides?

Back 42

All reality is eternal, unchanging limited unity and being (one)

Front 43

What are Parmenides 3 paths to truth

Back 43

1. being Accepted
2. becoming Rejected
3. Nothing it si rejected

Front 44

What is Nous?

Back 44

The Mind: brings out hidden possibilites at different times.
this is why we observe change.

Anaxagoras

Front 45

brings out hidden possibilites at different times.
this is why we observe change.

Back 45

Nous

Front 46

the study of the origin and nature of the universe

Back 46

Cosmology

Front 47

What were two things socrates were found guilty of ?

Back 47

impiety: or not worshiping the state gods (rather worshiping his diamonia)

Corrupting the youth

Front 48

What is a examined life?

Back 48

Who , what and why we are? Trying to understand what we are?

Front 49

What is a Dialectical method?

Back 49

disputation or debate, esp intended to resolve differences between two views rather than to establish one of them as true

Front 50

A theory that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute

Back 50

relativism

Front 51

Means "nature and the characterstics of the world

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Physis

Front 52

Those things that are because human beings have decided they should be.

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Nomos

Front 53

What is the Meaning of Philosophy?

Back 53

The base of the word comes from:
Philos meaning love and
Sofia meaning Wisdom

Philosophers are known as "lovers of wisdom". Therefore earning this name.

I.Love may be an ineffable term. But is is a strong desire to learn and understand stand the truth of nature and beyond that drives the philosopher.

II. Wisdom: Knowing truth: Intuition of masses

Front 54

What is the first question in Philosophy?

Back 54

What is everything made of

Front 55

What are the branches of Philosophy?

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1.Metaphysics,
2.Epistemology,
3. Axiology
4. Ethics
5. Methodology

Front 56

What is Metaphysics ?

Back 56

Study what is "beyond the Physical

Front 57

What is Epistemology?

Back 57

Study of the Consciousness or soul theory

Front 58

What is Ethics

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Study of Action

Front 59

What is Methodology

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Study of logic or rhetoric

Front 60

Value theory What is this

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Axiology

Front 61

teachers who taught rhetoric as a form. This people could debate any subject and were paid to do so. They would prove any position.

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The "sophist"

Front 62

What is the meaning of ineffable?

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Beyond expression, unspeakable

Front 63

What time was Anaxagoras around

Back 63

500-450 BCE

Front 64

When was empedocles

Back 64

440 bce

Front 65

When was Heraclitus around

Back 65

540- 500 BCE

Front 66

When was pythogoras Around?

Back 66

550

Front 67

When was Anaximines around

Back 67

530

Front 68

When was thales around

Back 68

600-545 B.C.E

Front 69

When was the Peloponnesian War

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431-401

Front 70

What values that Greeks sought.

Back 70

Striving for perfection of all things. Youth and a unchanging world.

Front 71

Pre-socratics were

Back 71

Cosmoligist
all looking for nature of cosmos
and all looking for the arche or urstoff

Front 72

What is rhetoric

Back 72

The principles and practices of persuasive speaking

Front 73

What are the key issues in Greek Philosophy

Back 73

1. Is there underlying essence "the one" How do we explain the difference

2. The question of the Arche or urstoff

3 The question of change: coming into being passing away

4. issue of symmetry: a law goverend universe

5.Universe is rational can be understood by reason

6. INTERACTION OF OPPOSITES

Front 74

Who oppose relativism and the sophist?

Back 74

Socrates

Front 75

Self Professed "midwife"

Back 75

Socrates claimed himself to be a midwife to help one think

Front 76

From the Greek word uncuttable; all things are composed of tiny bits

Back 76

Atomism

Front 77

What is rationalism

Back 77

The philosophical stance that is distrustful of the senses, Only relaiyng on the mind

Front 78

Who said "man is the measure of all things

Back 78

Protagoras

Front 79

Protagoras beliefs

Back 79

Truth is found on the level of sensation

Civil law is merely a custom ;it is not rooted in god or nature

Relavtisim in all things

Front 80

Who Believed What you sense is true for you

Back 80

Protagoras

Front 81

Clever skepticism

Back 81

Gorgias

Front 82

Who claimed the following
1. Nothing Exist
2. If anything exist we can't know it
3. If we know anything we can't communicate it

Back 82

Gorgias

Front 83

What is Axiology

Back 83

Value theory

What is right and what is wrong