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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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metaphysics
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Dealing with the nature of reality, such as being and nothingness
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idealist
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One who believes reality consists of ideas and the minds that house them.
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realism
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Plato's theory of the materal/immaterial world
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materialism
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An ancient theory that everyone/everything that exists is made of matter
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monists
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Ones that believe that reality is composed of one being
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dualists
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A theory that reality consists of mind and matter
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ontology
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The area of metaphysics that deals with being
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determinism
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The theory that everyone's actions are predetermined
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Substance
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Something that has an independent existence
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Essence
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What makes a thing what it is
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Form
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A platonic concept that refers to the perfect essence of particular things
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George Berkely
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An idealist that says that everything is a bundle of ideas placed by God
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Thomas Hobbes
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believed in Materialism
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Baruch Spinoza
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believed in monism, and that everything is made of God
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Martin Heidegger
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Being is a virtue of which particular beings exist. Being is a verb, not a noun.
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Substance Theory
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The self is a unitary thing that persists over time
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Bundle Theory
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The self is made up of bits & pieces of experience
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Richard Rorty
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The self is made up of layers. The self is dynamic and ever changing.
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Personhood
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The concept of what it means to be a person
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Personal Identity
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The qualities that make one the same person over time
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Survival
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People's continued existance over time
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Mind-Brain problem
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The debate over the thoughts & physical events than occur in the brain
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Identity Theorists
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One who believes that mental states are identical to brain states
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Eliminative Materialism
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A theory that philosophy is false and should be replaced with neuroscience
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Functionalism
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Mental states can be realized, so computers can think
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Turing test
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if a computer can fool a human into thinking it is also a human, it can think
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Strong AI
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The view that a computer can think
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Chinese Room
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A thought experiment that proves computers can process but not understand
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Intentionality
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The idea that we understand everything we do, and that it is intentional
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John Locke's Definition of a person
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Reason & Reflection, considers itself as itself.
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Dennett's 6 Basic Conditions of Personhood
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Rationality, Conscious mental states, regarded as others by persons, believing they are a person, verbal communication, self conciousness
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Mind vs Brain Materialists
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Everything is made of matter so the mind doesn't exist
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Mind vs Brain identity theorists
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Things made up by the mind like pain, dont exist. Neuroscience explains all.
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Mind vs Brain Functionalism
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Says that with enough work, a computer can develop a mind
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Substance Dualists mind vs brain
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Say that the mind is seperate from the body
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theism
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A theory that a loving god created the universe
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deism
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A theory that a supreme being created the world but hasn't continued an interest
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pantheists
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Those who believe a supreme being is everywhere and existence is a feature of perfection
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ontological argument
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God must exist because god is perfect and there must be a perfect being
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cosmological argument
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God must exist because the chain of causes must have a beginning i.e god
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argument from design/teleological argument
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The order of the universe must have been created by a supreme being
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atheists
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Those who dont believe in a supreme being
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free will
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The idea that will is uncaused
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Hard determinists
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Those who believe free will doesn't exist
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Soft determinists
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Those who say that free will and determinism are compatable. Desires are determined but people can be self determined
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Nihilists
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Those who say life is meaningless, moral truths do not exist
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Anselm of Canterbury
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Ontological Argument
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3 Doctors of Church
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Catherine of Siena, Theresa of Avila, Therese of Lisieur
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Thomas Aquinas' Proofs:
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Motion: There has to be an unmoved mover
Contingency: One being must have started the chain of beings Degrees of Perfection: There are degrees of perfection leading up to the perfect being, God Cause: There must have been an uncaused cause Teleology: All things have an end/goal/destiny, God |
