Phil Test 2

Front 1

Dysphemism

Back 1

is an expression that carries a negative connotation used in substitution for one whose connotation is less negative.

Front 2

Euphemism

Back 2

is an expression that carries a positive connotation used in substitution for one whose connotation is less positive.

Front 3

Rhetorical Device

Back 3

A statement that defines a word in a way that is meant to evoke a slanted connotation

Front 4

Innuendo

Back 4

an expression that implies a further claim without doing so explicitly.

Front 5

Downplayer

Back 5

is an expression that diminishes something or someone's legitimacy or importance

Front 6

Argument from force

Back 6

substitutes a threat for reason supporting claim

Front 7

Apple Polishing

Back 7

substitutes an appeal to one's vanity for reasons supporting the claim.

Front 8

Wishful Thinking

Back 8

substitutes hope that a claim is true for reasons supporting the claim

Front 9

Red Herring

Back 9

a claim introduced in order to distract from the topic under consideration

Front 10

Argument from Tradition

Back 10

substitutes the fact that a claim has been held for a long time for reasons supporting the claim

Front 11

Straw Man

Back 11

an attack on a feeble argument or claim that substitutes for an attack on the opponents actual argument or claim.

Front 12

False Dilemma

Back 12

illicitly limits considerations to fewer than are appropriate when considering an issue

Front 13

misplaced burden of proof

Back 13

illicitly demands that a claim with a strong inherent credibility is argued for rather than having to argue for the denial of that claim.

Front 14

genetic fallacy

Back 14

substitutes an attack upon the historical origin of a claim of reasons against the claim

Front 15

begging the question

Back 15

incorporates what is supposed to be proven by an argument into one of the premises of the argument.