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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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V or I: If Mauer hits a homerun, the Twins will win the game. And the Twins will win the game. So it must be the case that Mauer will hit a homerun. |
INVALID (affirming the consequent) |
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V or I: Some cows have black and white spots. Daisy is a cow on the farm, so it must be the case that daisy has black and white spots. |
INVALID |
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The human mind has no weight, no shape and no size. The human brain has weight, shape and size. Two or more things are identical only if they have all the same properties. Therefore. the mind and the brain are not identical. V OR I |
VALID |
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There are 367 students in my history class. I reason that at least two of them have birthdays on the same day of the year. V OR I |
Valid |
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More than 50% of philosopher are socially awkward. There are four philosophers in the room next door. Thus, we can conclude that at least two of them are socially awkward. V OR I |
INVALID |
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There are over 8 million people in NYC. Therefore at least two of them have different birthdays. V OR I |
INVALID |
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No one has ever held their breath under water for more than 12 minutes , but my uncle claims that he has. It follows that my uncle was lying when he said this. V OR I |
Valid
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John is Mary's brother. Therefore, Mary has a brother. V OR I |
VALID |
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DED: Without complications, life is uninteresting. But life is interesting, so there must be complications. |
Modus Tollens |
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DED: If stocks go up, bonds go down. If interest rates rise, bonds go down. Therefore, since stocks or interest rates will go up, bonds will go down. |
Dillemma |
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DED: Sally will go to the dance if Charlie will. But Charlie will certainly go so Sally will be there. |
Modus Ponens |
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DED: Professional baseball players can command big salaries, and they can do so only if the public supports them strongly. So the public strongly supports professional baseball players. |
Modus Ponens |
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DED: Either the game has been sold out, or it has been cancelled. If its been sold out, I won't be able to see it, and if its been cancelled, I won't be able to see it. So I won't be able to see the game. |
Dilemma |
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DED: Either you buy a lottery ticket for the school library fund, or you care nothing about the library. But surely you care about the library, so you'll buy a lottery ticket. |
Disjunctive Syllogism |
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DED: If global warming continues over the next fifty years, glaciers and polar ice caps will continue to melt. If glaciers and polar ice caps continue to melt, sea levels will rise by several feet, pushing Florida's coast inland by one thousand feet. So, if global warming continues, FLoridas coast will move inland. |
hypothetical syllogism |
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V OR I: The Earth is a spherical shape. For the night sky looks different in the northern and southern parts of the earth and this would be so if the Earth were spherical in shape. |
INVALID (affirming the consequent). |
