Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Which Greek philosopher rejected Hesiod's mythological account in favor of natural reasons and explanations? |
Thales |
|
|
What did Thales think everything is made of? |
Water |
|
|
Who wrote the Apology? |
Plato |
|
|
Why was Socrates on trial? |
1.Corrupting the young 2.Atheism 3.Making the weaker argumentthe stronger |
|
|
According to the oracle Socrates is... |
Wise |
|
|
Socrates examined many people to find someone wiser than he. Who did he find? |
No one |
|
|
What punishment did Socrates receive? |
Death |
|
|
Elenchus means... |
Cross-examination |
|
|
A sophist is an ancient Greek... |
Teacher |
|
|
Apology in Plato's sense means... |
Defense |
|
|
Crito visits Socrates in... |
Prison |
|
|
Crito visits Socrates in order to... |
Convince him to escape |
|
|
For Crito the opinion of the many is... |
Powerful |
|
|
Socrates values the opinion of the many.(True / False) |
False |
|
|
According to Socrates, how will other city-states view him if he escapes? |
As a law breaker |
|
|
Socrates says that if he escapes he will confirm the claims made against him in court. (True / False) |
True |
|
|
Near the end Socrates gives a long speech in the voice of what? |
The Laws |
|
|
Why does Socrates say he shouldn't escape? |
1.He would be like a childdisobeying its parents 2.He owes a debt for hiseducation 3.He has made an agreementwith th city |
|
|
Being an eagle is _____ for being a bird |
Sufficient |
|
|
Attending lecture is ____ for getting an A in this class. |
Necessary |
|
|
Hoi polloi means... |
The many |
|
|
One main point of the Crito is one should live one's life by... |
Reason |
|
|
What moral principal does Socrates endorse |
It is never right to return harmfor harm. |
|
|
King is writing from which jail? |
Birmingham |
|
|
In an allusion to Socrates, King calls himself a... |
Gadfly |
|
|
At the time of this speech is Malcolm X a member of the black Muslim movement. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Malcolm X discusses his recent visit to... |
Africa |
|
|
Epistemology means... |
Theory of knowledge |
|
|
Schnee argued that philosophy for Socrates involved all of the following EXCEPT... |
Requires wisdom |
|
|
A just law for King is grounded in... |
Morality |
|
|
King and Malcolm X are fundamentally in agreement.(True / False) |
False |
|
|
The form of the Good is compared to... |
The sun |
|
|
In Book 7 Socrates describes people living in a... |
Cave |
|
|
What objects in the cave are used to cast shadows on the wall? |
Puppets |
|
|
After a philosopher has seen the sun and returns to the cave, she is... |
Killed |
|
|
Which dialogue is Platonic? |
Republic |
|
|
For Plato the forms are... |
Transcendent |
|
|
On Plato's analogy the Sun is |
The Good |
|
|
Physical objects on the Divided Line are analogous to what on the Allegory of Cave? |
Puppets |
|
|
Mathematical objects on the Divided Line are analogous to what on the Allegory of Cave? |
Shadows of physical objects |
|
|
For Aristotle the soul is... |
First actuality |
|
|
Which of these is NOT a metaphor used by Plato? 1.The river 2.The cave 3.The divided line 4.The sun |
The river |
|
|
Physical objects for Plato are... |
Immanent |
|
|
The cave is a metaphor for... |
1.Enlightenment 2.Reality 3.Education |
|
|
Who believed that all was number? |
Pythagoras |
|
|
Who believed you cannot step into the same river twice? |
Heraclitus |
|
|
For Aristotle, what is the first actuality of a body potentially alive? |
The soul |
|
|
Which of these is a hylomorphic compound? 1. A particular horse 2. soul of a horse 3. form of a horse 4. matter of a horse |
A particular horse |
|
|
Telos means... |
Goal |
|
|
For Aristotle the body is... |
Potentiality |
|
|
For Aristotle your soul is a... |
Form |
|
|
Your soul can exist independently of your boby for Aristotle.(True / False) |
False |
|
|
Eudaimonia means... |
Happiness |
|
|
Aristotle believes in one universal good. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
What is the highest good for Aristotle? |
Happiness |
|
|
What does arete mean? |
Virtue |
|
|
??Aristotle believes in moderation in all things. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Aristotle thinks you acquire virtue by… |
Training |
|
|
Hursthouse argues for the moral relevance of… |
Agents |
|
|
Who first translated Greek philosophy into Arabic? |
Al Kindi |
|
|
Falsafa means... |
Philosophy |
|
|
Who argued for the incompatibility of Islam and philosophy? |
Al-Ghazali |
|
|
Who wrote the floating person thought experiment? |
Ibn Sina |
|
|
Is this argument valid or invalid? 1. If Pia won the lottery, then she is rich 2. Pia won the lottery Thus: 3. Pia is rich |
Valid |
|
|
Is this argument valid or invalid? 1. If Pia won the lottery, then she is rich 2. Pia is rich Thus: 3. Pia won the lottery |
Invalid |
|
|
What is the definition of a sound argument? |
Valid and true premises |
|
|
What does a priori mean? |
By reason |
|
|
The development of philosophy in any period is mostly independent of historical and political factors. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
“To be” in ancient Greek is… |
Ontos |
|
|
What is the activity of marking up a text? |
Flagging |
|
|
What is the most important point in the handout? |
Reading is a learned skill |
|
|
How many proofs (ways) of God’s existence did Aquinas give? |
5
|
|
|
What sort of argument is this? 1. By “God” we mean a being with every perfection.2. Existence is a perfection. So:3.God exists. |
Ontological |
|
|
Which ancient philosopher was Descartes primarily reacting against |
Aristotle |
|
|
When did the scientific revolution begin? |
1543 |
|
|
Copernicus argued what? |
Sun is the center of the solarsystem |
|
|
Descartes sought to unify the New Science and… |
Christianity |
|
|
What is the first thing Descartes comes to know? |
He exists |
|
|
Whose view is Descartes’ most like? |
Plato and Ibn Sina |
|
|
Could you be mistaken that you seem to see a real apple? (According to Descartes) |
No |
|
|
Which of these acts does Descartes NOT attribute to his mind (in Meditation 2)? 1.Willing 2.Doubting 3.Imagining 4.Functionally organizing matter |
Functionally organizing matter |
|
|
What does Descartes do in Meditations 3-5? |
Prove God exists |
|
|
Which is more certain? 1.You see an apple 2.You seem to see an apple |
You seem to see an apple *”seem“ means “give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect” |
|
|
What is the relation between mind and body? |
Causal (they causally interact) & Union (they make a unity) |
|
|
Elisabeth challenges Descartes on how… |
Mind can cause things in body |
|
|
What is more certain for Descartes? 1.God exists 2.The physical world exists |
1.God exists |
|
|
Which of these is a good start to a philosophy paper? |
“In work X, Y argues that…” |
|
|
It is legitimate to use “I” in philosophy papers. (True / False) |
True |
|
|
Descartes said you and your body are just like a sailor and a ship. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Elisabeth suggests the mind is… |
Accidentally extended |
|
|
Epiphenomenalism is a view about the causal relations between mind and body. It says… |
Body to mind only |
|
|
Which Islamic thinker was most like the scholastics (concerning the relation of science and religion)? |
Ibn Rushd & Al-Ghazali |
|
|
Which view holds that pain = c-fiber firing? |
Materialism |
|
|
Which view is the computer model of the mind? |
Functionalism |
|
|
For Mill would it be better to be a dissatisfied Socrates or a satisfied fool? |
Dissatisfied Socrates |
|
|
Which position is the greatest happiness principle? |
Utilitarianism |
|
|
Hedonism defines the good in terms of… |
Pleasure |
|
|
“You should eat your broccoli.” 1.Normative 2.Descriptive |
1.Normative |
|
|
An individual pursues her own welfare. 1.Normative 2.Descriptive |
1.Normative 2.Descriptive |
|
|
Which view holds that people always act from self-interest? 1.Psychological Egoism 2.Normative Egoism 3.Utilitarianism 4.Consequentialism |
Psychological Egoism |
|
|
Mill was a normative egoist. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Mill’s and Aristotle’s views on ethics are basically the same. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Mill’s and Aristotle’s views on ethics are basically the same. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Which of these is an imperative? 1.You should act from selfinterest. 2.People act from self interest. 3.He acted from self interest. 4.I love self interest! |
You should act from selfinterest. |
|
|
For Kant which of these is categorical? 1.Act on grounds that you could will to be universal law. 2.If you are hungry, then eat food. 3.Keep your promises, if you want friends. 4.Act in ways that will make you rich. |
1.Act on grounds that you could will to be universal law. |
|
|
Kant thinks the good will is motivated by… |
Duty |
|
|
Deontology(道义论,义务论) concerns... |
Duty |
|
|
Which of these is a hypothetical imperative? 1.If you want to be healthy, then exercise regularly. 2.Do not steal. 3.Act so that your action could become a universal law of nature. 4.Stop! |
1.If you want to be healthy, then exercise regularly. |
|
|
Which notion is morally irrelevant for Kant? 1.Happiness 2.Good Will 3.Duty 4.Categorical Imperative |
Happiness |
|
|
What would Kant do? 1.Help all a little 2.Sacrifice one person |
Help all a little |
|
|
Which theorist provides the greatest moral role for emotions? |
Aristotle&Mill |
|
|
Which theorist provides the greatest moral role for intentions (what your motivation was in doing an action)? |
Kant |
|
|
“Don’t lie.” According to Kant this is a… 1.Perfect Duty 2.Imperfect Duty |
Perfect Duty |
|
|
“Help others.” According to Kant this is a… 1.Imperfect Duty 2.Perfect Duty |
Imperfect Duty |
|
|
Which case is the hardest decision 1.Lifeboat 2.Original trolley 3.Man on bridge |
Man on bridge |
|
|
Which of these cases illustrates the doctrine of double effect? 1.Saving the 5 from the trolley,killing the 1 2.Military bombing that harms some civilians 3.Helping a friend out of virtue 4.Not making a lying promise because of duty |
1.Saving the 5 from the trolley,killing the 1 2.Military bombing that harms some civilians |
|
|
On the distinction Jaggar discusses, which is more social than biological? 1.Gender 2.Sex |
Gender |
|
|
What % of Fortune 500 CEOs are women? |
0-5% |
|
|
There is one main feminist perspective on ethics. (True / False) |
False |
|
|
Feminist ethics of care considers power differences inherently bad.(True / False) |
False |
|
|
Somatic, as in “somatic norm”, means… |
Body |
|
|
According to social contract theory what legitimizes state power? 1.Consent 2.Coercion(高压政治威压) 3.Corporations 4.Nothing |
Consent Coercion(高压政治威压) Corporations Nothing |
|
|
Which of these is NOT a type of somatic norm that Mills examined? 1.Prudential 2.Moral 3.Aesthetic 4.Cognitive |
Prudential |
|
|
For Mills the racial contract is… |
Evolving |
|
|
??Does Mills think race is real? |
Yes |
|
|
Mills traces the modern concept of race to… |
Enlightenment Europe (ca.1700 CE) |
|
|
The view that only the physical world exists is called… |
Naturalism |
|
|
Mills thinks something can be socially constructed and real. (True/False) |
True
|
|
|
Butler favors the performance view over the expression view of gender. (True / False) |
True |
|
|
Butler holds that gender norms are punitively regulated. |
True |
|
|
Butler thinks gender is… 1.Real 2.Fictional 3.illusory 4.Immutable |
Real Fictional Illusory |
|
|
??For Butler one can adopt whatever gender one wants to. |
False |
