Phil 110

Front 1

Hypothetical Imperative

Back 1

Rules that help us achieve something preceded by the word "if" clause.

Front 2

Categorical Imperative

Back 2

The principleof universalized ability. Act only according to that maxim that you would want to see followed by humanity. Genuine moral commands.

Front 3

Universalization

Back 3

Says for you to do unto others as you have everyone do unto everyone.
*Universalized means that it is for everyone.

Front 4

Treating a person as an end to yourself

Back 4

You can use them but you have to treat them well.

Front 5

Treating a person as a mere means

Back 5

You can use them freely as you want to and don't have to be nice to them

Front 6

Treating a person as and end to herself

Back 6

A person can use you but they have to be nice to you.

Front 7

From a sense of duty

Back 7

help you become an honest & moral person, doing it out of free will.

Front 8

According to a sense of duty

Back 8

Doing something because you feel obligated to do it, no moral purpose.
- Can never be good or bad because it is not followed by good will.

Front 9

Three-Step Test

Back 9

1. State the maxim
2. Formulate in terms of the universal law
3. See if someone can consistently and rationally will that everyone follow this universal maxim.

Front 10

"Goodwill"

Back 10

-proposed by Kant
-very necessary thing
-you must have it in order for these things to be good
-essential and has to do with motive
- no matter what good attrivutes you have, they must be accomplished by good will.

Front 11

Utiliarianism (Act)

Back 11

-Founded by Jeremy Bentham
-Performing an act, from those available
-most likely to produce the greatest amount of overall happiness

Front 12

Utilitarianism(Rule)

Back 12

-Performing an act, from those available that accord with the rule that is part of a system to produce the greatest overall amount of happiness.

Front 13

Qualification

Back 13

Nothing can possibly be conceived in the world without qualification
-A person who has good characteristics has to be a good person and have good will.

Front 14

Mill

Back 14

-There are some pleasures higher than others b/c different people have different personalities and rank pleasurability different.

Front 15

"World Congress of Rule"- Utilitarianism

Back 15

Delegates will always end up with a percept that gives no special weight to the fact that the act in question is an act of promise keeping, an act of truth telling, or anything else to produce the greatest overall amount of happiness.

Front 16

"Worthy of Swine"

Back 16

"If it makes you happy, then do it, as long as it doesn't harm others.
(Bentham's)- There are things in people's lives that get higher marks

Front 17

Hedonic Calculus

Back 17

Calculate the hedons for every possible act

Front 18

Pushpin quote

Back 18

If you enjoy playing a game of pushpin rather than reading a book, then so be it.
- It's better to be a person than to be a pig.
-It's better to be Socrates than to be a fool.

Front 19

Euthyphro Dilemma

Back 19

"Is it good because the God say's its good or because the Gods say its good because it's good?

Front 20

Robert Adams

Back 20

- Feels that although God doesn't always create the best world, the woman taking the pill is wrong and morally perverse because she altered God's intentiontions of the child being normal.
-immoral for a woman to take pill so that fetus is abnormal.
- There is such a thing as the best possible world and that although the very best possible world might still contain some evil, it would contain no more than absolutely necessary.

Front 21

Mackie

Back 21

-Argues there is no contradiction in supposing that God only brings people into actuality who always freely do what's right.
-He says that if anyone had chosen to do anything wrong, they would of never been allowed to exist.
-there no wrong doing and no evil.

Front 22

Moral Evil

Back 22

Intentional production of a harm or suffering by a free agent.

Front 23

Physical Evil

Back 23

Unintentional production of a harm or suffering by something other than a free agent.

Front 24

Ontological Argument

Back 24

-God is the GCB
-God has all possible perfections
-Existence is a perfection
-God has the property of existence
-God exists

Front 25

Cosmological Argument

Back 25

- Suppose there is nothing but an infinite casual regression of dependent beings
-There must be some explanation of the existence of the ICRDB
- That explanation can't exist outside of the ICRBD
- Nor can the explanation exist inside the ICRDB
- So the ICRDB exists without any explanation at all
- But this contradicts our second premise.
-The supposition in premise 1 must be false.

Front 26

Hume's Principle

Back 26

Once you have explained the properties of each element in a totality, you have explained the features of the totality as well.

Front 27

Paley's claim

Back 27

If you looked at the earth, everything grows naturally, the world is infinitely designed and has a designer.

Front 28

William Paleys (powerful designer) of his 3 premises

Back 28

- The natural world shows considerable complexity and apparent design.
- The only possible explanation of this complexity and apparent design in the natural is that the natural world was produced by an intelligent, sentient designer.
- Therefore, there must be an intelligent, sentient designer responsible for the complexity and apparent design in the natural world.

Front 29

Darwin's theory

Back 29

Uses scientific evidence to show how organisms have evolved over time,
-States Mother Nature is a designer and is not sentient.