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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dualism reduces everything into two things.
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Dualism claims that the fundamental substances and events in the universe divide into two radically different kinds:
Physical and the Non-physical |
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Monism
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It claims that substances and events are fundamentally composed of ONE thing.
Everything in the world is made out of this ONE THING |
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There are three kinds of Monism:
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Material Monism,
Idealist Monism, Neutral Monism |
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Materialism is a monist view
There are two kinds of Materialism |
Non-Eliminitavist Materialism
Eliminitavist Materialism |
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Materialism is the belief that everything in the world is fundamentally composed of a physical thing.
Non-Eliminitavist Materialism |
Non-Eliminitavist Materialism claims that everything in the world is fundamentally composed of a single thing.
There is the "Material" and "Immaterial" both are fundamentally physical. By material: stone, wood By immaterial: Mental state, electricity, air |
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Non-eliminatavist materialism
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Belief in the existence of Mental states.
But defines "Mental Phenomena" as part of the "Physical Reality" There is no difference between the Material and Immaterial at the fundamental level. |
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Three classificationsof Non-eliminativist Materialism Monism -> Materialism -> Non-elimnitavist Materialism |
Philosophical Behaviourism
Identity Theory Functionalism |
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Philosophical Behaviourism -
a classification of non-eliminativist materialism |
Claims that to be in a particular mental sate is to have a complex behavioural disposition.
Mental States are the result of having a complex behavioural disposition. |
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Identity Theory
a classification of non-eliminativist materialism |
Identity theory is the claim that:
Mental States are identical to brain processes / status of the brain |
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Functionalism
A classification of Non-eliminitavist Materialism |
Claims that Mental states are functional states of the brain.
Mental states are product of brain activity. When the brain functions, the result are the different "Mental states" |
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Eliminativist Materialism
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Claims that everything in the world is fundamentally composed of a single thing.
They deny the existence of the "Immaterial" Nothing exists outside of the "Material" What appears to be Immaterial can in fact be explained in the "Material perspective" |
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There are classifications of Eliminativist Materialism:
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Eliminativist Behaviourism
Neurophysiological Eliminativism Instrumentalist Eliminativism |
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Reasons for Dualism:
Reasons for believing that there are two fundamental things upon which everything is constituted. |
(Tradition/intuitive/Empirical Arguments in favor of Dualism)
The inertness of matter vs human mentality; consciousness, creativity, spontaneity and free will. Religious grounds Psychic and supernatural phenomena |
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Reasons for Dualism:
Reasons for believing that there are two fundamental things upon which everything is constituted. |
(Arguments from Logical/epistemic pecularities of the mental)
Descartes "simple" argument Irreducibility Privileged Epistemic Access to One's mental States: privacy, directness, incorrigibility. Mental Objects (dreams, hallucinations, sensations) |
