Pharmacology - Drugs Affecting The Nervous System

Front 1

Epinephrine hydrochloride (Adrenalin Chloride)

Back 1

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Catecholamine Drugs
-The prototype of the adrenergics
-Effects: Stimulates both alpha- and beta-receptors, increases blood pressure, increases heart rate, increases blood flow to brain, heart, and skeletal muscles, constricts peripheral vessels, relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle

Front 2

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

Back 2

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Catecholamine Drugs
-Potent vasoconstrictor
-Used to treat: Hypotension, Cardiac arrest

Front 3

Dopamine hydrochloride (Intropin)

Back 3

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Catecholamine Drugs
-The immediate precursor of norepinephrine

Front 4

Dobutamine hydrochloride (Dobutex)

Back 4

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Catecholamine Drugs
-A synthetic catecholamine
-Acts directly on the heart muscle to increase the force of contraction

Front 5

Isoproterenol hydrochloride (Isuprel)

Back 5

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Catecholamine Drugs
-A synthetic catecholamine
-A bronchodilator
-Stimulates both beta1- and beta2-receptors
-Used to control shock and some dysrhythmias
-Good by injection or aerosol, poor by oral or sublingual

Front 6

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs

Back 6

-Are given to treat the following acute cardiovascular, respiratory, and allergic disorders: Cardiac arrest, Hypotension, Congestive heart failure (CHF), Bronchial asthma, Upper respiratory congestion, Allergic reactions, Hypoglycemia, Local bleeding, Obstetics, Eye disorders
-Monitor: for increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and dysrhythmias; bronchial congestion and dyspnea; elevated blood sugar; anxiety and insomnia (noncatecholamines)
-Avoid infiltration of intravenous infusion into the tissues (can cause tissue necrosis)

Front 7

Ephedrine

Back 7

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Noncatecholamine Drugs
-Less potent, but longer acting drug than epinephrine
-Used as a bronchodilator and nasal decongestant during allergic reactions

Front 8

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

Back 8

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Noncatecholamine Drugs

Front 9

Phenylephrine hydrochloride (Neo-Synephrine)

Back 9

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Noncatecholamine Drugs
-Stimulates the alpha-receptor (results in vasoconstriction and nasal decongestion)
-Acts as a bronchodilator

Front 10

Albuterol (Proventil)

Back 10

Adrenergic (Sympathomimetic) Drugs, Noncatecholamine Drugs
-Used to produce bronchodilation

Front 11

Phentolamine mesylate (Regitine)

Back 11

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Front 12

Ergotamine tartrate (Ergostat)

Back 12

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Vasoconstrictor that is used to treat migraine headaches.
-Poorly absorbed orally

Front 13

Ergotamine tartrate with caffeine (Cafergot)

Back 13

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Common antimigraine medication

Front 14

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Back 14

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Peripherally acting antiadrenergic drug that is used to treat hypertension or BPH

Front 15

Prazosin (Minipress)

Back 15

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Peripherally acting antiadrenergic drug that is used to treat hypertension or BPH

Front 16

Terazosin (Hytrin)

Back 16

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Peripherally acting antiadrenergic drug that is used to treat hypertension or BPH

Front 17

Sumatriptan (Imitrex)

Back 17

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Vascular headahce suppressant used to treat migraines

Front 18

Antiadrenergic Drugs
Alpha-Adrnergic Blocking Agents

Back 18

-Block sympathomimetic agents, Dilate vessels in smooth muscles, Lower peripheral vascular resistance
-Mild to moderate hypertension, Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), Migraine headaches, Pheochromocytoma, Congestive heart failure (CHF), Peripheral vascular disorders
-Precautions: Coronary or cerebral arteriosclerosis, renal impairment, or peptic ulcer disease
-Change position slowly to Prevent orthostatic hypotension

Front 19

Antiadrenergic Drugs
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Back 19

-Block Beta-1: Decrease in blood pressure, contraction of the heart muscle, and cardiac output; Beta-2: Vasodilatation in skeletal muscle arterioles
-Uses: Angina, dysrhythmias, hypertension, myocardial infarction, glaucoma, migraine headache, palpitations and tremors
-Monitor: Bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia
-Change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension

Front 20

Propranolol hydrochloride (Inderal)

Back 20

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Used to treat hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, hypertension, angina, dysrhythmias, and myocardial infarction

Front 21

Metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor)

Back 21

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Used to treat hypertension and dysrhythmias

Front 22

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Back 22

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Used to treat hypertension, angina, and myocardial infarction

Front 23

Sotalol (Betapace)

Back 23

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-Used to treat dysrhythmias

Front 24

Timolol maleate (Timoptic)

Back 24

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
-An eye drop medication used to treat glaucoma

Front 25

Antiadrenergic Drugs
Ganglionic Blocking Agents

Back 25

-Used to treat advanced stages of hypertension, or hypertensive crisis, pulmonary edema (a complication of severe hypertension)
-Adverse Effects: Hypotension, Dry mouth

Front 26

Mecamylamine hydrochloride (Inversine)

Back 26

Antiadrenergic Drugs, Ganglionic Blocking Agents

Front 27

Cholinergic Drugs
Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs

Back 27

-Decreased heart rate, increased tone of gastrointestinal muscle and relaxation of sphincters, increased tone of bladder and relaxation of sphincters, increased respiratory secretions, constriction of pupils
-Used to treat Glaucoma, Accommodative estropia, Postoperative atony, Gastrointestinal reflux disease, Neruogenic bladder, Atrial dysrhythmias
-Prevent nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy
-Precautions: Diabetes mellitus, Coronary artery disease, Myocardial infarction, Heart block, Gangrene; intestinal obstruction, ulcerative colitis, or peptic ulcer; respiratory disroders or asthma
-Poor night vision

Front 28

Acetylcholine

Back 28

Cholinergic Drugs, Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs

Front 29

Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)

Back 29

Cholinergic Drugs, Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Used for urinary retention and atony and open-angle glaucoma

Front 30

Pilocarpine hydrochloride (Pilocar)

Back 30

Cholinergic Drugs, Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Used to lower intraocular pressure in glacoma

Front 31

Carbachol intraocular (Miostat)

Back 31

Cholinergic Drugs, Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Used to treat simple glaucoma and open-angle gluacoma

Front 32

Metoclopramide hydrochloride (Reglan)

Back 32

Cholinergic Drugs, Direct-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and to treat heartburn and dealyed gastric emptying due to reflux esophagitis

Front 33

Cholinergic Drugs
Indirect-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs

Back 33

-Uses: Myasthenia gravis, Glaucoma, Posoperative bladder distention, Postoperative parlytic ileus, to counteract the neuromuscular blockade caused by muscle relaxants

Front 34

Neostigmine bromide (Prostigmin)

Back 34

Cholinergic Drugs, Indirect-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Used to treat urinary retention and paralytic ielus, also myasthenia gravis

Front 35

Edrophonium chloride (Tensilon)

Back 35

Cholinergic Drugs, Indirect-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis
-Antidote for pancuronium (Pavulon), a neuromuscular blocker

Front 36

Pyridostigmine bromide (Mestinon)

Back 36

Cholinergic Drugs, Indirect-Acting Cholinomimetic Drugs
-Maintenance drug of choice for myasthenia gravis

Front 37

Anticholinergic Drugs

Back 37

-Adverse Effects: Constipation, Dry mouth

Front 38

Atropine sulfate

Back 38

Anticholinergic Drugs
-Used: preoperatively to dry secretions, to treat bradycardia, as an antidote for cholinergic drugs and insecticide poisoning

Front 39

Belladonna tincture

Back 39

Anticholinergic Drugs
-Used to treat gastrointestinal disorders

Front 40

Homatropine (Spectro-Homatropine)

Back 40

Anticholinergic Drugs
-eye drops used to produce mydriasis and cycloplegia

Front 41

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)

Back 41

Anticholinergic Drugs
-Used to treat Parkinson's disease

Front 42

Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan)

Back 42

Anticholinergic Drugs
-Used to increase bladder capacity and to decrase the frequency of voiding in clients with neurologic bladders

Front 43

Scopolamine hydrobromide (Hyoscine)

Back 43

Anticholinergic Drugs
-Used to treat motion sickness, manage the nausea and vomiting that acccompanies general anesthesia, and produce preoperative amnesia

Front 44

Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Back 44

-Uses: Relieves musculoskeletal pain, Relieves severe musculoskeletal spasticity caused by inflammation, trauma, or some surgical procedures, to treat the acute, painful muscle spasiticity associated with: Multiple sclerosis, Cerebral palsy, Cardiovascular accident (CVA), Spinal cord injuries

Front 45

Carisoprodol (Soma)

Back 45

Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Front 46

Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril)

Back 46

Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Front 47

Baclofen (Lioresal)

Back 47

Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Front 48

Orphenadrine (Norflex)

Back 48

Central Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Front 49

Danrolene sodium (Dantrium)

Back 49

Direct-Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
-Malignant hyperthermia crisis
-Photophobia
-With diazepam, produces drowsiness