Pharmacology Drugs

Front 1

dopamine

Back 1

D1 --> cardiac stimulant

D1 --> **vasodilator on kidney vasculature; impt for hypovolemic shock

Front 2

NE

Back 2

Adrenergic agonist -- A1, A2, B1

A1 --> V.C
A2 --> Vasodil. (small)
B1 --> Heart contract -- CO

Front 3

EPI

Back 3

Adre. agonist -- A1, B1, B2

A1 --> V.C
B1 --> Heart contract --CO
B2 --> Vasodilation --> Decr DP

Front 4

Ephedrine

Back 4

phytochemical

similar to EPI BUT has better bioavail & long DoA

mild stimulant. Used as nasal decongestant (A1 --> decr. mucous secretions) Also a pressor agent --> A1

also good in stress incontinence

Front 5

pseudoephedrine

Back 5

1/4 enantiomers;

used in OTC decongestant, controls stress incontinence (A1 contracts urethral sphincter)

Front 6

Oxymetazoline

Back 6

Nonselective Alpha agonist

-topically: nasal & ocular decongest.
A1 decr. muc. secretions; A1 stimulate radial muscle contractions --> mydriasis

**At high dose will have A2 stimulation --> hypotensive

Front 7

Xylometazoline

Back 7

Nonselective alpha agonist

used topically as nasal & ocular decongestant

Front 8

Phenylephrine

Back 8

A1 agonist

- mydriatic substance
- nasal & ocular decongestant
- pressor agent

Front 9

Metaraminol

Back 9

A1 agonist

Front 10

Methoxamine

Back 10

A1 agonist

**prolonged incr. in BP associated w/ vagally mediated bradycardia

Front 11

Midodrine

Back 11

A1 agonist

prodrug gets hydrolyzed to desglymidodrine

** used for postural hypotention [incr arterial/venous tone while sitting or standing]

Front 12

Mephentermine

Back 12

A1 agonist

Front 13

Clonidine

Back 13

A2 agonist

stimulates A2 & IMIDAZOLINE receptors in CNS; reduces symp outflow --> decr. BP bc decr. tone --> B.V dilate

decr. diarrhea in diabetics
decr cravings for narcs
helps smoking cessation
decr menopausal hot flashes

Front 14

Apraclonidine

Back 14

A2 agonist

stimulates ciliary body to decr. aq. humor production

Front 15

Guanabenz; Moxonidine; Alpha-methyldopa

Back 15

A2 agonist

Front 16

Guanfacine; Rilmenidine;

Back 16

A2 agonist

Front 17

Brimonidine & Apraclonidine used for?

Back 17

Glaucoma; A2 agonists

Decr. aq. humor production via ciliary body stimulation

Front 18

Isoproterenol

Back 18

Nonselective B (B1 / B2)

- potent vasodilator --> decr. BP (B2)
- B1 --> cardiac stimulant

leads to slight decr. SP

Front 19

Dobutamine

Back 19

B1 selective agonist

administered as racemic
(+) = B1 agonist; A1 antagonist
(-) = A1 agonist

==> B1 activity --> Incr contract --> CO --> BP

Front 20

Xamoterol

Prenalterol

Back 20

B1 agonist

Incr CO w/o affecting the heart --- no reflextachycardia occurs

**drug of choice for people with heart problems

Front 21

Albuterol; Terbutaline; Metaproterenol

Back 21

B2 agonist

- bronchodilation
- drugs of choice for asthma & other lung disorders

**high dose of metaproterenol --> B1 stimulation also

Front 22

Pirbuterol & Bitolterol

Back 22

B2 agonists

- used for asthma, lung issues

Front 23

Salbutamol & formoterol

Back 23

B2 agonists

used for asthma & lungs... very potent, last 12hrs bc high solubility;

Front 24

Ritodrine

Back 24

B2 agonist

B2 relaxes uterine muscles
used as IV infusion to relax uterus; delays premature labor

**Terbutaline can also be used here.

Front 25

Procaterol & Fenoterol

Back 25

B2 agonists

Front 26

B2 what does it do?

Back 26

relaxes detrusor muscle = incr. urine retention

bronchodilation

incr. aq humor production by stimulating ciliary body to dilate (more blood flow)

Relaxes uterine muscles

Decr. GIT smooth muscle tone

Front 27

B1 what does it do?

Back 27

Chronotropy
Ionotropy
Dromotropy
which INCR CO --> INCR SP

Front 28

A2 what does it do?

Back 28

Vasodilation of vessels
decr. BP

Decr. GI secretions

Decr. aq. humor production

Front 29

A1 what does it do?

Back 29

V.C of blood vessels

V.C of ciliary body vessels --> decr. AH production

Decr. mucous secretions

Mydriasis via stimulation of radial muscle

Urethral sphincter contraction = urine retention

Front 30

cocaine

Back 30

Inhibits neurotransmitter reuptake [desipramine] -- inhibits NE to be recycled --> more NE available at synapse to bind --> increased/intense sympathomimetic action

Cocaine also blocks conduction of impulses in peripheral nerves --> loses sensation --> anesthetic

Front 31

Tyramine

Back 31

found in cheese. A monoamine compound.

Facilitates transmitter release [also amphetamine] --> incr. NE released --> incr symp activity.

If pt takes MAOI w/ cheese --> tyramine effects intensified --> possible stroke (marked incr BP)

Front 32

Amphetamine

Back 32

incr. NE/Dopa release in CNS. only effective when NE is present!!!

exerts marked stimulant effect on mood, alertness, also an appetite depressant

also treats narcolepsy

Front 33

Methamphetamine

Back 33

similar to amphetamine; HIGH central/peripheral ratio action.

Front 34

Phenmetrazine

Back 34

has amphetamine-like stimulant; anorexiant effects; drug of abuse

Front 35

Methylphenidate (ritalin)

& Pemoline

Back 35

amphetamine variants... similar pharm effects & abuse potential

Front 36

labetalol

Back 36

adrenergic antag. - reversible

- decr. BP w/o affecting heart CO (tachycardia) (has beta blocking isomers)

Front 37

Carvedilol

Back 37

reversible adrenergic antag

- beta blocking isomers; decr. BP

Front 38

Phentolamine

Back 38

Alpha antag (nonselective)

- used in HTN emergencies; agonist OD; clonidine withdrawal --- lowers BP caused by pheochromocytoma

Front 39

Phenxoybenzamine

Back 39

Alpha antag (nonselective)

- has irreversible prolonged action
- lowers BP due to pheochromocy.
- treats PVD

Front 40

Prazosin

Back 40

Alpha 1 antagonist

- preferred for chronic HTN

Front 41

Doxyzosin

Indoramine

Back 41

A1 antagonist

good for chronic HTN

Front 42

Terazosin

Back 42

A1 antagonist

- treats chronic HTN
- also treat BPH

Front 43

Tamsulosine + Quinazoline

Back 43

A1 antagonist

- treats BPH

Front 44

Yohimbine & Rauwolfia

Back 44

A2 antagonist

Front 45

Tolazoline

Back 45

A2 antagonist

- Treats PVD

Front 46

Propanolol

Back 46

Nonselective Beta blocker

- NO ALPHA action
- decr. BP
- high lipid solubility

Front 47

Carteolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Sotalol

Back 47

Nonselec. beta blocker

Front 48

Nadolol

Back 48

nonselc. beta blocker

- very long duration of action!!!

Front 49

Timolol

Back 49

nonselect. beta blocker

no local anesthetic activity

Treats glaucoma -- decr. aq humor production

excellent ocular hypotensive effects

Front 50

metaprolol
atenolol
acebutalol
celiprolol

Back 50

B1 antagonist

- bc highly selective; safe in pt w/ diabetes, asthma, PVD -- decr CO w/o affecting bronchioles

Front 51

Betaxolol

Back 51

B1 antagonist

- used in glaucoma - decr. AH production w/o causing bronchoconstriction

Front 52

Esmolol

Back 52

B1 antagonist

ULTRA short half life (10mins)

fast hydrolysis of ester

useful in supraventricular arrythmias; perioperative HTN; myocardial ischemia

Front 53

butoxamine

Back 53

B2 antagonist

no clinical application