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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Uses of NSAIDs |
pain, fever, inflammation, adjunct to antimicrobials, cancer, disruption of hemostatic processes |
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Carprofen |
non-selective COX inhibitor
GI, renal, hepatic problems |
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Ketoprofen |
non-selective COX inhibitor
GI problems in dogs GI & renal problems in horses |
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Deracoxib |
COX-2 selective
well-tolerated |
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Flunixin meglumine |
non-selective COX inhibitor
GI damage in dogs |
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Phenylbutazine |
non-selective COX inhibitor
*not for animals for human consumption* |
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Tepoxalin |
non-selective COX + LOX (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor |
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Uses of corticosteroids |
Low dosage: replacement for adrenal insufficiency Med dose: anti-inflammatory High dose: immunosuppressive |
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Hydrocortisone |
natural corticosteroid |
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Dexamethasone |
corticosteroid
little mineralocorticoid activity |
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Triamcinolone |
corticosteroid
very little mineralocorticoid activity |
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Prednisone/Prednisolone |
corticosteroid
more mineralocorticoid activity than others
cats cannot metabolize prednisone - give prednisolone |
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Methyl-prednisolone |
corticosteroid
no mineralocorticoid activity
acetate variety = long-acting sodium succinate = rapid effect |
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Ranitidine |
H2 inhibitor
also prokinetic
some interference with liver metabolism |
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Famotidine |
H2 inhibitor
no interference with liver metabolism |
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Omeprazole |
H:K ATPase (proton pump inhibitor)
oral |
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Pantoprazole |
H:K ATPase (proton pump inhibitor)
IV |
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Lansoprazole |
H:K ATPase (proton pump inhibitor) |
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Misoprostol |
prostaglandin analogue
stimulates blood flow, prevents ulceration by aspirin, and antacid |
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Sucralfate |
chelating/complexing agent
coats stomach lesions and acts as antacids |
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Apomorphine |
dopamine agonist
emesis inducer for dogs |
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Xylazine |
alpha-2 agonist
emesis inducer for cats |
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Centrine |
non-specific antimuscarinic
anti-emetic |
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Chlorpromazine |
alpha-2 antagonist
anti-emetic |
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Acepromazine |
alpha-2 antagonist
anti-emetic |
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Prochlorperazine |
alpha-2 antagonist
anti-emetic |
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Maropitant |
neurokinin antagonist
anti-emetic |
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Metoclopramide |
dopamine & 5HT3 antagonist
anti-emetic, serotoninergic prokinetic |
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Ondansetron |
5HT3 antagonist
anti-emetic |
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Cisapride |
5HT3/-4 antagonist
serotoninergic prokinetic
can cause fatal dysrhythmia |
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Bethanacol |
muscarinic agonist
prokinetic
causes SLUD syndrome |
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Lidocaine |
muscarinic agonist
prokinetic
epidural analgesia for post-op ileus |
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Octreotide |
muscarinic agonist (somatostatin analogue)
prokinetic |
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Loperamide |
morphine agonist
antidiarrheal |
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Diphenoxalate |
morphine agonist
antidiarrheal
+ atropine = lomitil |
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Bismuth subsalicylate |
inhibits SI secretion
antidiarrheal also anti-inflammatory properties (aminosalicylate) |
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Kaolin |
anti-diarrheal absorbent |
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Attapulgite |
anti-diarrheal absorbent |
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Dioctahedral smectite |
anti-diarrheal absorbent |
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Activated charcoal |
anti-diarrheal absorbent
used in toxicities |
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Budesonide |
corticosteroid |
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Azathioprine |
alkylating agent (immunosuppressive) |
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Leflunomide |
inhibits pyrimidine synthesis (immunosuppressive) |
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Mycophenolate mofetil |
inhibits purine synthesis (immunosuppressive) |
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Sulfasalazine |
aminosalicylate (anti-inflammatory) |
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Olsalazine |
aminosalicylate (anti-inflammatory) |
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Magnesium sulfate |
osmotic laxative |
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Psyllium |
bulk-forming osmotic laxative |
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Lactulose |
bulk-forming osmotic laxative |
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Mineral oil |
lubricant laxative |
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Petrolatum |
lubricant laxative |
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Cyclophosphamide |
chemotherapeutic alkylating agent (cross-linking of DNA)
phase non-specific
causes sterile hemorrhagic cystitis and associated with inappropriate ADH secretion (=PU/PD) |
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Chlorambucil |
chemotherapeutic alkylating agent (cross-linking of DNA)
phase non-specific
no toxicity |
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Procarbazine |
chemotherapeutic alkylating agent (cross-linking of DNA)
phase non-specific |
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Lomustine |
chemotherapeutic alkylating agent (cross-linking of DNA)
phase non-specific
hepatotoxic |
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Cisplatin |
platinum-derived chemotherapeutic agent
phase non-specific
can cause fatal pulmonary edema in cats |
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Carboplatin |
platinum-derived chemotherapeutic agent
phase non-specific
safe for cats |
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Methotrexate |
antimetabolite (purine/pyrimidine analogue)
phase-specific
crosses BBB |
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Cytosine arabinoside |
antimetabolite (purine/pyrimidine analogue)
phase-specific
Crosses BBB |
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Doxorubicin |
tumor antibiotics (kill via free radical damage and inhibition of topoisomerase II)
phase non-specific
cardiotoxic, vesicant |
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Mitoxantrone |
tumor antibiotics (kill via free radical damage and inhibition of topoisomerase II)
phase non-specific |
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Actinomycin D |
tumor antibiotics (kill via free radical damage and inhibition of topoisomerase II)
phase non-specific
non-cardiotoxic replacement for doxorubicin |
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Vincristine |
Vinca alkaloid
Binds to microtubules of mitotic spindle
phase-specific
vesicant, can cause peripheral neuropathy |
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Vinblastine |
Vinca alkaloid
Binds to microtubules of mitotic spindle
phase-specific
vesicant |
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L-asparaginase |
enzyme
phase non-specific
potentiates vincristine-induced myelosuppression |
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Toceranib |
part of targeted therapy
works on RT-Kinases
primarily used for mast cell tumors |
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Masitinib |
part of targeted therapy
works on RT-Kinases
primarily used for mast cell tumors |
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Beta-Lactam Antibiotics |
Cell wall inhibitors
Time-dependent bacteriocidal
Most effective against Gram (+) |
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Penicillin G |
penicillin
Gram (+)
minor toxicity (procaine form can cause CNS excitation) |
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Methicillin |
penicillin
Gram (+)
narrower spectrum
resistant to B-lactamase |
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Amoxicillin |
aminopenicillin
Gram (+)
broad-spectrum
can augment with addition of clavulinate (B-lactamase inhibitor) |
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Ticarcillin |
penicillin with extended spectrum
Gram (+)
susceptible to B-lactamase |
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Cephalosporin Antibiotics |
part of B-lactam family similar to penicillins
divided into "generations" which exhibit different antimicrobial spectra |
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Cefalexin |
cephalosporin
Gram (+)
used for bacterial pyoderma |
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Ceftiofur |
cephalosporin
Gram (+) |
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Imipenem |
carbapenem class of beta-lactams
effective against anaerobes and Gram (+) aerobes
B-lactamase resistant |
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Aminoglycoside Antibiotics |
Bacteriocidal - irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis
Concentration-dependent killing
Broad spectrum
Require O2 transporter into organisms
*Structurally diverse* |
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Amikacin |
aminoglycoside abx
broad spectrum
nephrotoxic and ototoxic |
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Gentamicin |
aminoglycoside abx
broad spectrum
nephrotoxic and ototoxic |
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Tetracycline Antibiotics |
Bacteriostatic - reversibly inhibits protein synthesis
Broad-spectrum (Gram +/-, anaerobes, mycoplasma)
Can be highly toxic |
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Doxycycline |
tetracycline
broad spectrum
long-acting |
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Tetracycline |
tetracycline
broad spectrum
intermediate-acting |
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Macrolide Antibiotics |
Bacteriostatic - reversibly inhibit protein synthesis
Broad spectrum - Gram +/- and intracellular organisms
Accumulates in neutrophils
Cause major GI side effects |
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Erythromycin |
macrolide
broad spectrum |
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Azithromycin |
macrolide
broad spectrum |
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-Phenicol Antibiotics |
Bacteriostatic (inhibit ribosomal protein synthesis)
very broad-spectrum
Toxicity rare |
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Chloramphenicol |
-phenicol
very broad spectrum |
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Florfenicol |
-phenicol
very broad spectrum
approved for food animals |
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Sulfonamides |
Bacteriostatic (interfere with folic acid formation)
Broad spectrum
Accumulate in kidneys, interact with acidic drugs |
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Sulfadiazine |
sulfonamide
broad spectrum |
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Sulfamethoxine + Trimethoprim |
sulfonamide
broad spectrum
potentiated agent |
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Enrofloxacin |
fluoroquinolone
bacteriocidal (inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase)
Gram (-), some (+); NO ANAEROBES
chondrotoxicity and tendenopathy |
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LRS |
Na+, K+, Ca++, Cl-, lactate
Good for metabolic acidosis |
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Plasmalyte-A/Normasol-R |
Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg++, gluconate, acetate
Good for metabolic acidosis |
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0.9% saline |
Na+ and Cl-
Used for metabolic alkalosis |
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Griseofulvin |
Fungistatic - bind to microtubules
Treats dermatophytosis
Adverse effects: bad taste, bone marrow suppression, teratogen |
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Amphotericin B |
Fungiostatic/-cidal - disrupts membrane integrity
Treats common systemic fungi
Given IV
Adverse effects: thrombophlebitis, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia |
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Ketoconazole |
Fungistatic/-cidal - interferes with ergosterol production
Broad spectrum - systemic, dermatophytosis, malassezia
Adverse effects: GI problems, hepatotoxicity, teratogenic, coat issues |
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Itraconazole |
Fungistatic/-cidal - interferes with ergosterol production
Broad spectrum
Adverse effects: GI upset, liver toxicity, vasculitis |
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Fluconazole |
Fungistatic/-cidal - interferes with ergosterol production
Broad spectrum
Safest of -azoles w/ BBB penetration |
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Terbinafine |
Inhibits ergosterol synthesis
Treats dermatophytosis and malassezia
Keratinophilic - persists in nails |
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Miconazole |
Treats malassezia
Leave-on conditioner |
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Chlortrimazole |
Treats yeasts and dermatophytes
Does not work as a spot treatment in animals |
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Doxylamine |
H1 inhibitor
Only approve antihistamine for dogs, cats, and horses |
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Diphenhydramine |
H1 inhibitor
Also anti-muscarinic; beware with concurrent glaucoma, COPD, and CV dz |
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What do H1 receptors mediate? |
CVS actions: lower BP (increase permeability, relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle)
Respiratory: constricts bronchioles and increases secretions
GI: enhances secretions and motility |
