Pharmacodynamics:
Ibuprofen is a NSAID with anti-inflammatory; analgesic and antipyretics effects are the results of the ability to block the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system, leading to the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins [6]. COX is the enzyme used for prostaglandin biosynthesis [3]. Both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are involved with prostaglandin production. The inhibition of these enzymes results in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin thus decreasing pain, fever, and swelling [4].
Altered pharmacodynamics:
Commonly Ibuprofen is administered through and oral route in the form of tablets or capsules and uncommonly administered through parenteral and rectal routes. The alternation that we propose is a different route of administration. The development of a nasal solution could be beneficial to many patients. Common side effects we hope to eliminate through the use of a nasal formula are abdomen pain, nausea, heartburn, peptic ulcer bleeds, and vomiting. This is possible because a nasal spray would bypass going into the digestive system by going directly into the circulatory system. This will also increase bioavailability and onset time [1]. Rectal and parenteral administration can also decrease the symptoms listed above, however they are more invasive than a nasal spray [8]. …show more content…
Both its maximal analgesic onset and peak plasma concentration is attained within 1.5 - 2 hours after oral administration [9]. Due to the change in the route of administration, transnasal delivery would increase rate and extent of absorption, because of the vascularized nature of the nasal mucosa since it directly enters the circulation. [2].
Ibuprofen is a NSAID with anti-inflammatory; analgesic and antipyretics effects are the results of the ability to block the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system, leading to the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins [6]. COX is the enzyme used for prostaglandin biosynthesis [3]. Both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes are involved with prostaglandin production. The inhibition of these enzymes results in decreased synthesis of prostaglandin thus decreasing pain, fever, and swelling [4].
Altered pharmacodynamics:
Commonly Ibuprofen is administered through and oral route in the form of tablets or capsules and uncommonly administered through parenteral and rectal routes. The alternation that we propose is a different route of administration. The development of a nasal solution could be beneficial to many patients. Common side effects we hope to eliminate through the use of a nasal formula are abdomen pain, nausea, heartburn, peptic ulcer bleeds, and vomiting. This is possible because a nasal spray would bypass going into the digestive system by going directly into the circulatory system. This will also increase bioavailability and onset time [1]. Rectal and parenteral administration can also decrease the symptoms listed above, however they are more invasive than a nasal spray [8]. …show more content…
Both its maximal analgesic onset and peak plasma concentration is attained within 1.5 - 2 hours after oral administration [9]. Due to the change in the route of administration, transnasal delivery would increase rate and extent of absorption, because of the vascularized nature of the nasal mucosa since it directly enters the circulation. [2].