Pharmacology: Chemotherapy Drugs

Front 1

which chemo drugs act as alkylating agents

Back 1

cyclophosphamide
mechlorethamine
cisplastin
carboplastin
carmustine
lomustine
procarbazine
busulfan

Front 2

major SE of cyclophosphamide

Back 2

hemorrhagic cystitis

Front 3

pretreatment for the potential SE of cyclophosphamide

Back 3

MESNA

Front 4

difference in SE between cisplastin and carboplastin

Back 4

cisplastin: more severe nephro/ototoxicity

carboplastin: more severe myelosuppression

Front 5

DOC for brain tumors

Back 5

nitrosoureas (lomustine or carmustine)

Front 6

produces a disulfiram-like reaction when combined with alcohol

Back 6

procarbazine

Front 7

2 chemo drugs with a SE of pulmonary fibrosis

Back 7

bleomycin and busulfan

(*note that busulfan also has hyperpigmentation)

Front 8

MOA of methotrexate

Back 8

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Front 9

DOC to reverse potential SE of methotrexate

Back 9

leucovorin

Front 10

SE of methotrexate

Back 10

myelosuppression, fatty liver, mucositis

Front 11

what non-cancer conditions can methotrexate also be used for

Back 11

ectopic pregnancies
rheumatoid arthritis
psoriasis

Front 12

MOA of 6-MP

Back 12

blocks de novo purine synthesis

Front 13

DOC for AML

Back 13

6-MP

Front 14

enzyme required for activation of 6-MP

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HGPRT

Front 15

gout drug that when combined with 6MP requires dose reduction

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allopurinol

Front 16

MOA of 5-FU

Back 16

inhibits thymidylate synthase

Front 17

drug that causes "thymine-less death" when given with leucovorin rescue

Back 17

5-FU

Front 18

chemo drug that is very effective against colon cancer and basal cell carcinoma

Back 18

5-FU

Front 19

MOA of cytarabine

Back 19

blocks DNA polymerase

Front 20

difference in the MOA of vincristine/vinblastine vs. paclitaxel

Back 20

vincristine/vinblastine: bind specifically to B-tubulin and block polymerization of the microtubules thus preventing the formation of the mitotic spindle

paclitaxel: stabilizes microtubule formation leading to disassembly with the cells arrested in mitosis (metaphase)

Front 21

which phase of mitosis due cells remain frozen in when given paclitaxel

Back 21

frozen in metaphase

Front 22

2 main cancers that paclitaxel is used to treat

Back 22

breast and ovarian cancer

Front 23

MOA of doxorubicin

Back 23

inhibits topoisomerase II and forms free radicals which cause DNA strand breaks

Front 24

major SE of doxorubicin

Back 24

cardiomyopathy

Front 25

DOC to prevent the major SE associated with doxorubicin

Back 25

dexrazoxane

Front 26

DOC for Wilms tumor, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcomas

Back 26

dactinomycin

Front 27

MOA of bleomycin

Back 27

causes breaks in the DNA strands via free radical formation ("scissision" and "fragmentation")

Front 28

this drug has the same MOA as bleomycin but does NOT cause pulmonary fibrosis, but rather SEVERE myelosuppression

Back 28

mitomycin

Front 29

MOA of imatinib

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inhibits bcr-abl tyrosine kinase

Front 30

DOC for CML and GIST tumors

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imatinib

Front 31

MOA of rituximab

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forms monoclonal antibodies against CD20

Front 32

MOA of trastuzumab

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blocks binding to the HER-2/neu growth receptor

Front 33

DOC to treat estrogen-positive breast cancer

Back 33

tamoxifen

Front 34

SE of tamoxifen

Back 34

increases risk for endometrial cancer
thromboembolisms
hot flashes

Front 35

similar drug to tamoxifen that is used in the advanced stages of breast cancer (stage 4)

Back 35

toremifene

Front 36

chemo drug that in addition to treating breast cancer, can also treat osteoporosis

Back 36

raloxifene

Front 37

acts by blocking the pituitary's secretion of gonadotropins to induce ovulation

Back 37

clomiphene

Front 38

aromatase inhibitor used in breast cancer

Back 38

anastrozole and letrozole

Front 39

MOA of bevacizumab

Back 39

blocks the binding of VEGF to its receptors

Front 40

MOA of hydroxyurea

Back 40

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Front 41

which cell cycle phase is hydroxyurea specific for

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S-phase

Front 42

non-cancer condition that hydroxyurea is used in

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sickle cell

Front 43

2 major cancers that hydoxyurea is used for

Back 43

melanoma and CML

Front 44

major SE of L-asparaginase

Back 44

acute pancreatitis

Front 45

MOA of L-asparaginase

Back 45

converts asparagine to aspartate thus denying cancer cells of the essential amino acid- asparagine

Front 46

DOC in prostate cancer

Back 46

flutamide

Front 47

MOA of flutamide

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blocks androgen receptors

Front 48

4 drug combination used commonly in testicular cancer

Back 48

bleomycin
vinblastine
etoposide
cisplastin

("BVEC")

Front 49

5 drug combination used commonly in Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 49

cyclophosphamide
doxorubicin
vincristine
rituximab
prednisone

(*note this is the CHOP regimen)

Front 50

4 drug combination used commonly in most breast cancers

Back 50

5-FU
cyclophosphamide
methotrexate
tamoxifen

("5-CMT")

Front 51

which chemo drugs are cell cycle specific (CCS)

Back 51

bleomycin
vincristine/vinblastine
5-FU
6-MP
methotrexate
etoposide

Front 52

which chemo drugs are cell cycle non-specific (CCNS)

Back 52

all alkylating agents
doxorubicin
nitrosoureas

Front 53

chemo drugs that are cell cycle specific act on tumor cells throughout all stages of the cell cycle EXCEPT which one?

Back 53

G0 phase

Front 54

what is the growth fraction

Back 54

proportion of tumor cells that are "actively" dividing

Front 55

how often is pulse therapy given

Back 55

every 3-4 weeks

Front 56

what's the log-kill hypothesis

Back 56

when giving chemo, a constant proportion of the tumor cell population is killed rather than a constant number

Front 57

difference between the grading and staging of a cancer, and which one is more important to the prognosis

Back 57

grading: degree of differentiation
staging: degree of spread (metastasis)

*staging is more prognostic

Front 58

what cancer is cytarabine typically used for

Back 58

various leukemias

Front 59

SE of vincristine/vinblastine

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neurotoxicity
peripheral neuropathies
foot drop
paralytic ileus
myelosuppression
SIADH

Front 60

3 major cancers that vinblastine/vincristine is used against

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Hodgkin's lymphoma, Wilms tumor, and choriocarcinoma

Front 61

MOA of etoposide

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inhibits topoisomerase II

Front 62

SE of paclitaxel

Back 62

myelosuppression and peripheral neuropathies

Front 63

this chemo drug has a side effect of cerebellar dysfunction

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cytarabine

Front 64

gene mutation expressed by many cancers which provides resistance to various chemo treatments

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MDR1 gene

Front 65

chemo DOC for insulinomas

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streptozocin

Front 66

what 4 chemo drugs make up the MOPP regimen

Back 66

mechlorethamine
vincristine
prednisone
procarbazine

Front 67

what 4 chemo drugs make up the ABVD regimen

Back 67

doxorubicin
bleomycin
vinblastine
dacarbazine

Front 68

what cancer is the ABVD regimen typically used in

Back 68

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 69

what 5 chemo drugs make up the CHOP regimen

Back 69

cyclophosphamide
doxorubicin
vincristine
rituximab
prednisone

Front 70

what cancer is the CHOP regimen typically used for

Back 70

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma