Pharmacology

Front 1

What is a drug?

Back 1

Substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Substance with a physiological effect when introduced into the body.

Front 2

Dose

Back 2

Quantity of a medicine or drug taken at a particular time

Total mg or mg/kg

Front 3

Bioequivalence

Back 3

Same active pharmaceutical ingredient (api) at the same concentration and in the same dose form.

Equivalent pharmacokinetics and efficacy

Front 4

Dosage

Back 4

Quantity and frequency of a dose of medicine or drug

Mg/kg/day or mg/kg every 12 hours

Front 5

Dosage regimen

Back 5

Includes route of administration and duration of dosing

Mg/kg intravenously every 12 hours for 7 days

Front 6

Pharmacodynamics (PD)

Back 6

Study of the physiologic effects of drugs and the mechanism of action

What a drug does to the body

Front 7

Pharmacokinetics (PK)

Back 7

Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion

What the body does to a drug

Front 8

Pharmacogenomics

Back 8

Study of how genes affect responses to drugs

Front 9

Chemotherapy

Back 9

Effect of drugs upon microorganisms, parasites and neoplasticism cells living and multiplying in a living organism

Includes: antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal drugs

Antipatasitic drugs

Cancer therapy

Front 10

Toxicology

Back 10

Study of the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems

Front 11

Side effects

Back 11

Drug action outside the desired site (may be good or bad)

Front 12

Adverse drug reaction

Back 12

Change in the patient

Hint 12

Used interchangeably with adverse drug effect

Front 13

Adverse drug effect

Back 13

The effect of the drug

Hint 13

Used interchangeably with adverse drug reaction

Front 14

Adverse drug event

Back 14

An adverse outcome that occurs while a patient is on a drug (causality not yet determined. May or may not be related to drug)

Front 15

Affinity

Back 15

Force of attraction between a drug and a receptor

Higher affinity=harder to displace

Front 16

Selectivity

Back 16

Specificity of the drug for the target receptor binding

Front 17

Potency

Back 17

Comparative term...

Concentration of different drugs necessary to induce the same magnitude of response

Front 18

Efficacy (intrinsic activity)

Back 18

Ability of a drug to have a response

Front 19

Agonist

Back 19

Binds to receptor and enhances activity

Front 20

Partial agonist

Back 20

Binds to a receptor and only partially enhances response

Front 21

Antagonist

Back 21

Binds to a receptor to stop response and not allow other molecules to bind

Front 22

Competitive antagonist

Back 22

Binds to the same site on the receptor not allowing other molecules to bind

Front 23

Non-competitive antagonist

Back 23

Binds to a site on the receptor that changed it’s conformation, not allowing other molecules to bind anymore

Front 24

Reversible antagonist

Back 24

Binds to a receptor but can easily dissociate from it.

Weak bonds like H-binds and can see waals

Front 25

Irreversible antagonist

Back 25

Binds to a receptor and stays there

Strong bonds like covalent bonds

Front 26

Inverse agonist

Back 26

Bind to a receptor and cause a “negative” response

Hint 26

Or reverse agonist

Front 27

Chemical antagonism

Back 27

Direct chemical interaction between two drugs

(Ex: weak acid and weak base)

Front 28

Physiologic antagonism

Back 28

Two drugs act in the same physiologic system but act on different receptors or pathways

Front 29

Pharmacokinetic antagonism

Back 29

One drug alters the response to another drug through changes in disposition

Front 30

Lipophilocity

Back 30

How soluble a drug is in fats/oil

Front 31

Hydrophilicity

Back 31

How soluble a drug is in water