Pharm Renal

Front 1

pharmacodynamics is?
2

Back 1

drug effect on pt
MOA to get effects

Front 2

pharmacogenomics is? what does it mean?

Back 2

pts have diff genes that make pt react to drugs different

Front 3

chemical antagonists is?

Back 3

special drug that blocks other drugs

Front 4

inorganic vs organic drugs?

Back 4

inorganic are dangerous
organic are weak acid/base

Front 5

large drug size is limited by what?

Back 5

being able to move through out body

Front 6

3 types of drug-receptor interactions to make them bind

Back 6

covalent
electrostatic
hydrophobic

Front 7

what is MEC?

Back 7

minimum effective concentration of drug to see beneficial affects

Front 8

what happens inside the therapeutic window?

Back 8

see optimum therapeutic effects

Front 9

what must you need to know to know about the drug to know where the therapeutic window is? 4

Back 9

drug absorption, excretion, distribution in body, action/effect of drug

Front 10

which is usually known, action or effect?

Back 10

effect, action may be known

Front 11

which can be seen, action or effect?

Back 11

effect, action not seen ever

Front 12

name of how much time drug is in therapeutic window?

Back 12

duration of action

Front 13

eneteral vs paraenteral

Back 13

enteral-through GI
para enteral-not through GI

Front 14

how is absorption through percutaneous injection? what affects it?

Back 14

very slow from keratin

Front 15

percutaneous injection used for what? 2

Back 15

dermalogical and slow systemic absorption

Front 16

lipid or water soluble drugs penetrate skin better/faster?

Back 16

lipid

Front 17

list 3 enteral routes

Back 17

sublingual, oral, rectal

Front 18

which enteral route is fastest?
why?
why not used more often?

Back 18

sublingual
many blood vessels, thin mucosa
tastes bad

Front 19

where does oral get absorbed?
where mostly?

Back 19

stomach
intestines-mostly here

Front 20

what barrier must an oral dose cross? 2
how/why is this harder?

Back 20

1-epithelial cells
2-capillaries
tight junctions prevent drug from going between epi cells, must go through cells

Front 21

what factors can change oral absorption in a single pt? 4

Back 21

ph level, food level, gastric emptying, other drugs

Front 22

why is oral so safe?

Back 22

oral drugs can be recalled by vomitting

Front 23

oral drugs
3 advantages

Back 23

advant-safe, cheap, easy

Front 24

oral drug
5 disadvantages
most important?

Back 24

slow absorption
diff with pts
need cooperative pt
GI can destroy drug
1st pass metabolism-most important i think

Front 25

list 6 para enterals

Back 25

percutaneous, IV, IM, subCut, intranasal, inhalation

Front 26

IV
absorption rate?why?
controllable?
amount delivered?

Back 26

high absorption-no barriers, no 1st pass
very controllable
high amounts can be given

Front 27

5 disadvantages to IV

Back 27

difficult, high cost, not safe, infection, embolism

Front 28

subQ absorption rate? why?
duration?
what dictates absorption rate?

Back 28

slow, less blood flow
long lasting
blood flow

Front 29

SubQ works well with what type of drugs? 2

Back 29

non-aqueous
depot preparations

Front 30

SubQ drawbacks? 2

Back 30

injury, inconvenient

Front 31

list 2 major SubQ drugs

Back 31

insulin
epinephrine

Front 32

Intramuscular absorptioin rate?
why? barrier?

Back 32

fast
only barrier is capillary which has fenestrations and thus can go between endo cells

Front 33

compare capillaries vs epi cells for drug absorption

Back 33

capillaries have fenestrations and drug can go between cells
epi cells have tight junctions and drug must go through cell

Front 34

what 2 things dictate Intramuscular absorption?

Back 34

blood flow
drug solubility-water soluble is faster?

Front 35

list type of drug given IM-3
list 1 specifically

Back 35

depot, lipophilic, if cant be given orally
penicillin G

Front 36

1 major disadvantage of IM

Back 36

painful

Front 37

why would you give an inhalation drug?

Back 37

for local absorption into lungs only, not systemic

Front 38

what 2 aspects are important with inhalation drugs?

Back 38

particle size, technique

Front 39

whole body anesthesia is given how?

Back 39

inhalation

Front 40

intranasal injection given for what symptom?

Back 40

upper respiratory infection
rhinitis

Front 41

1 problem with intranasal injection

Back 41

a lot is swallowed

Front 42

intrathecal injection for?
epidural?

Back 42

intrathecal-CNS, tumor
epidural-local anesthesia

Front 43

difference between rate and amount of drug absorption is?

Back 43

rate=how quickly drug is absorbed
amount=intensity of effect

Front 44

what must happen first to a drug for it to be absorbed?

Back 44

must be dissolved

Front 45

why does high blood flow increase absorption?

Back 45

it keeps the concentration gradient low by moving any absorbed drug to different area

Front 46

lipid or water soluble drugs absorb faster?

Back 46

lipid soluble drugs absorb faster

Front 47

ionized vs non-ionized different how?

Back 47

ionized=charged
non-ionized=no charge

Front 48

how do ionized drugs cross membranes?

Back 48

slowly/not at all

Front 49

where do drugs leave vessels and enter interstitium?

Back 49

capillaries

Front 50

what is Vd?
volume of distribution

Back 50

fluid volume drug distributed to

Front 51

Vd used for?

Back 51

determining pharmokinetics