Pharm - Insecticide Mode Of Action

Front 1

Goal of Insecticides and Acaracides

Back 1

-target parasite nervous system and induce paralysis and death through nerve excitability change

Front 2

Pyrethrins & Pyrethroids
-Mechanism of Action

Back 2

-bind to Na+ ion channels along the length of the axon preventing closure
-continuous influx of Na+ into axon
-continual nerve pulse (hyperexcitability)
-complete loss of charge (death)

Front 3

Pyrethrins
-derived from

Back 3

Chrysanthemum

Front 4

Pyrethrin
-components with insecticidal activity

Back 4

-Pyrethrin
-Cinerin
-Jasmolin

Front 5

Pyrethroids
-reasons for modification

Back 5

-Inc. stability in light
-Inc. duration of activity
-Inc. potency

Front 6

Pyrethroids have a higher toxicity than Pyrethrins to what animal?

Back 6

Cats

Front 7

Pyrethroid
-Drugs

Back 7

-Cyfluthrin
-Deltamethrin
-Flumethrin
-Permethrin

Front 8

Organophosphates and Carbamates
-Mechanism of action

Back 8

-Inhibit acetylcholinesterase
-Continual binding of acetylcholine to Na+ receptors
-continual electrical charge
-orverstimulation of nervous system
-spontaneous muscle contraction
-paralysis

Front 9

Insecticide class with a reduced margin of safety in humans

Back 9

-organophosphates and Carbamates

Front 10

Chloronicotinyls
-mechanism of action

Back 10

-bind irreversibly to postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
-Na+ channels remain open
-Overstimulation of nervous system
-spontaneous muscle contraction
-paralysis

Front 11

Chloronicotinyls
-Compounds

Back 11

-Dinotefuran
-Imidacloprid
-Nitenpyram

Front 12

Spinosyns
-Mechanism of action

Back 12

Unknown
-possibly targets postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (at different binding sites)
-hyperexcitation

Front 13

Phenylprazoles
-Mechanism of Action

Back 13

-Bind to GABA receptors and inhibits CL- ion flux
-Hyperexcitability
-Might also block glutamate activated chloride channels

Front 14

Phenylprazoles
-compound

Back 14

Fipronil

Front 15

Phenylprazoles
-effective against

Back 15

-insects
-ascarids

Front 16

Oxadiazines
-Mechanism of Action

Back 16

-Pro-insecticide bioactivated within the insect
-Becomes an Na+ channel blocker
-Binds to a unique site on voltage-gates Na+ channel
-Sodium channels remain closed
Paralysis and death

Front 17

Oxadiazines
-compound

Back 17

-indoxacarb

Front 18

Unique function of Indoxacarb

Back 18

-effective against insects who are resistant to pyrethroids

Front 19

Indoxacarb
-effects on fleas

Back 19

-stop feeding
-erratic behavior, convulsions, muscle contraction
-irreversible paralysis
-death

Front 20

Formamidines
-Mechanism of action

Back 20

-inhibition of monoamine oxidase
-octopamine antagonist

Front 21

monoamine oxidase
-function

Back 21

-metabolize amine neurotransmitters in ticks and mites

Front 22

Octopamine
-function

Back 22

-modification of tonic contractions in parasite muscles

Front 23

Formamidine
-compound

Back 23

amitraz

Front 24

True acaracide to kill ticks and mites

Back 24

Amitraz

Front 25

2 types of insect growth regulators

Back 25

-Juvenile Hormone Mimic
-Chitin Synthesis Inhibitor

Front 26

Juvenile Hormone
-function

Back 26

regulates insect molting through action on transcription and gene regulation

Front 27

Juvenile Hormone
-secreted from

Back 27

Corpora allata

Front 28

Juvenile Hormone
-effect on insect

Back 28

Promotes larva-to-larva molt
-less promotes pupation
-absence promotes adult formation

Front 29

Juvenile hormone
-"other" regulatory functions

Back 29

-formation of body fat
-ovarian follicles
-flight muscle development
-pheromone production
-nervous system

Front 30

Juvenile Hormone Analog
-mechanism of action

Back 30

-bind to the receptor sites for Juvenile Hormone
-prevent completion of metamorphosis
-death

Also ovicidal and embryocidal to adult

Front 31

Juvenile Hormone Analog
-Drugs

Back 31

-Methoprene
-Pyriproxyfen

Front 32

Function of insect exoskeleton

Back 32

-protection
-muscle attachment
-barrier against dessication
-sensory interface

Front 33

3 layers of the insect exoskeleton

Back 33

-cuticle
-epidermis
-basement membrane

Front 34

Layers of the cuticle

Back 34

-epicuticle
-procuticle

Front 35

Layers of the procuticle

Back 35

-exocuticle
-endocuticle

Front 36

Epicuticle
-morphology

Back 36

-thin waxy water resistant layer
-NO chitin

Front 37

Exocuticle
-morphology

Back 37

-rigid and sclerotized

Front 38

Endocuticle
-morphology

Back 38

-tough flexible combination of chitin and proteins

Front 39

Chitin
-composed of

Back 39

-N-acetylglucosamine

Front 40

Chitin inhibitor
-drugs

Back 40

-Lufenuron

Front 41

Lufenuron
-mechanism of action

Back 41

Prevents chitin synthesis, polymerization and deposition
-inhibits the ability of new exoskeleton to form properly
-disrupts endocuticle of fleas