Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does viruses have in order to reverse the dogma? |
RNA- dependent DNA polymerase aka reverse transcriptase. They make dsDNA out of ssRNA |
|
|
Once the viral dsDNA is made, what is it called when it integrates into our genome? |
provirus |
|
|
Why does the virus need host cell mechanism for replication? |
1) They need to use our mechanism to synthesize mRNA which is essential in producing viral proteins
2) They need to use our mechanism to synthesize reverse transcriptase and their ssRNA to incorporate them into viral packages called virions |
|
|
What is the pathogenesis of HIV? |
They deplete our immune system, especially CD4 T helper cells |
|
|
What is the mechanism of HIV to deplete host CD4 cells? |
HIV fails to successfully infect the resting CD4 bystander cells. This abortive infection causes CD4 cells to produce caspase enzyme 1 which causes inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis |
|
|
What does HAART stand for? |
highly active anti -retroviral therapy |
|
|
What is the goal of HAART? |
To suppress the viral replication as well as preserve our immune function |
|
|
What are nucleoside/nucleotide analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)? |
They are nucleoside/tide analaogues that once taken up by the viral genome causing the reverse transcriptase to not function well |
|
|
What are non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)? |
They directly bind to reverse transcriptase to prevent its function
Note: efavirenz is preferred but is highly teratogenic. SHOULD NOT BE GIVEN TO PREGNANT WOMAN |
|
|
What are protease (P9) inhibitors (PIs)? |
They inhibit p9 from cleaving gag-pol polyproteins into viral proteins which prevents viron assembly |
|
|
What are Fusion (entry) inhibitors? |
They bind to gp41, a transmembrane glycoprotein that HIV uses to gain access into the cells through endocytosis
E.g. En - FU -virtide *FU = fusion! |
|
|
What are CCR5 receptor antagonists? |
They bind to CCR5 receptor on host cells which HIV use to gain access into the cell .
e.g. Maraviroc (MVC) ma - may = 5 *CCR5 receptor antagonist! |
|
|
What are integrase (P32) inhibitors? |
They prevent the viral dsDNA to incorporate into host genome. I.e. prevents provirus formation
e.g. Raltegravier (RAL) grav - grab = grabs viral dsDNA from getting into our genome! * Integrase inhibitor! |
|
|
what is the effect of HAART to CD4 count? |
prevent CD4 count from dropping, and even increasing it |
|
|
What is the currently accepted HAART regime? |
a pair of NRTIs plus NNRTI or PI
And the pair of NRTI must contain emtricitabine or lamivudine |
|
|
What is the post-exospure prophylaxis regime? |
Raltegravir 400mg PO twice daily + truvada one tab PO once dailyfor 28 days
This must start within 72 hours |
