Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What does a low volume of distribution mean? High Vd?
|
Low (4-8L) = distributes in blood
high Vd means distributes in tissues |
|
|
what is the formula for Loading dose?
|
= Target concentration x (Volume of Distrubtion/ bioavailability)
bioavailability = 1 when given IV |
|
|
Name some drugs that are eliminated by ZERO ORDER kinetics (3)
|
Phenytoin
Ethanol Aspirin (high/toxic concentration) PEA is shaped like a 0 for zero-order kinetics |
|
|
name 4 weak acid drugs
|
Phenobarbitol
Methotrexate TCA aspirin |
|
|
Name a weak base drug and how would you treat it's overdose
|
amphetamines
treat OD by giving ammonium chloride (acid that will ionize and trap amphetamine) |
|
|
What is the mechanism of Phase I metabolism?
|
Phase I = reduction, oxidation, and hydrolysis (yields slightly polar, water-soluble metabolites) - may still be active
Cytochrome P450 geriatric patients loose phase I first |
|
|
What is the mech of Phase II metabolism?
|
CONJUGATION - acetylation, glucuronidatio, sulfation
yields very polar, inactive metabolites (renally excreted) |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of Muscarinic ACh receptors?
|
G protein coupled to second messengers
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of nicotinic Ach receptors?
|
Ligand-gated Na/ K channels
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
mydriasis |
alpha 1
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
decrease in insulin release? |
Alpha 2
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
increased renin release |
Beta 1
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
increase in lipolysis |
Beta 1
Beta 2 |
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
Glucagon Release |
Beta 2
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
decrease uterine tone |
Beta 2
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
decreasing heart rate and contractility of atria? |
M2
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
increase exocrine gland secretions |
M3
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
gut peristalsis |
M3
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
bladder contraction |
M3
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
increase pupillary sphincter muscle contraction? |
Miosis caused by M3
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
ciliary muscle contraction |
accomodation
M3 |
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
relaxing renal vascular smooth muscle |
D1
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
neurotransmitter release in brain (dopamine) |
D2
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
mucus production? |
H1
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
pruritis and pain |
H1
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
Gastric acid secretion |
H2
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
increase vascular smooth muscle contraction due to ADH |
V1
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
Increase water permeability in CT of Kidney |
V2
|
|
|
What drug blocks choline receycling in a cholingeric nerve?
|
Hemicholinium
|
|
|
What drug blocks ACh uptake into vessicles?
|
Vesamicol
|
|
|
What drug blocks Ach release?
|
Botulinum
|
|
|
What drug blocks Tyrosine to DOPA?
|
Metyrosine
|
|
|
What drug blocks Dopamine from entering vessicles?
|
Reserpine
|
|
|
What drug blocks the release of NE?
|
Guanethidine
|
|
|
What drugs (2) block the reuptake of NE?
|
Cocaine
TCA |
|
|
What drugs increase the effect of NE?
|
Amphetamines
|
|
|
What G protein linked Receptor is responsible for:
decreasing NE release |
M2
|
|
|
What does Angiotensin II due to the noradrengergic nerve terminal?
|
increases release of NE
|
|
|
What drug is used for postoperative and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention?
|
Bethanechol (Cholinomimetic direct agonist)
|
|
|
What Cholimemetic drug is used for glaucoma, pupillary contraction, and release of intraocular pressure?
|
Carbachol
|
|
|
Potent stimulator of sweat, tears, and saliva
|
Pilocarpine
|
|
|
What is a treatment for both open and closed angle glaucoma that is also a stimulator of sweat and tears?
|
Pilocarpine- contracts ciliary muscle of eye (open angle) and pupillary sphincter (narrow angle); resistant to AChE
"pile on the sweat and tears" |
|
|
what is the drug used for the asthma challenge test?
|
Methacholine
|
|
|
What anticholinesterase can you use to decrease postop and neurogenic ileus?
|
Neostigmine
|
|
|
What anticholinesterase can you use to reverse neuromuscular junction blockage post op?
|
neostigmine
|
|
|
What is a long acting treatment of myasthenia gravis?
|
pyridostigmine (Cholinesterase inhibitor)
|
|
|
What do you give for an atropine OD?
|
physostigmine
|
|
|
What do you use Echothiophate for?
|
Glaucoma
|
|
|
name some symptoms of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning.
|
DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea, urination, miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle, Lacrimation, sweating, salivation, abdominal cramping |
|
|
What is the antidote for cholinesterase poisoning?
|
Atropine and pralidoxime (chemical antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase)
|
|
|
What is parathion?
|
irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor
|
|
|
What does Atropine do to the eye?
|
Produce mydriasis and cycloplegia (loss of accomodation)
|
|
|
what disease do you use Benztropine for?
|
used in Parkinson's disease
|
|
|
What Muscarinic antagonist is used for motion sickness that works at the CNS?
|
Scopolamine
|
|
|
What muscarinic antagonist is used for asthma and COPD?
|
ipratropium
"I pray I can breath soon" |
|
|
what muscarinic antagonist is used to reduce urgency in mild bladder cystitis and reduce bladder spasms?
|
Oxybutynin,
glycopyrolate |
|
|
What muscarinic antagonist is used in peptic ulcer treatment?
|
Methscopolamine
pirenzepine |
|
|
what are some signs of atropine toxicity?
|
increase body temp
rapid pulse dry mouth dry flushed skin cycloplegia constipation disorientation |
|
|
what harmful thing can atropine due to the eye?
|
cause glaucoma
|
|
|
What is hexamethonium used for?
|
Ganglionic blocker (nicotinic antagonist)
used o prevent vagal reflex to changes in BP (reflex bradycardia in NE) |
|
|
what are the signs of hexamethonium toxicity?
|
severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfx
|
|
|
What does isoproterenol due?
|
B1 and B2 agonist
rarely used in AV block |
|
|
What can you give to increase renal perfusion in shock?
|
DOPAMINE
|
|
|
what does dobutamine do?
|
B1 > B2 agonist
increase ionotropy (not chronotropy) |
|
|
What does phenylephrine do?
|
Alpha 1 > Alpha 2
pupillary dilation, vasoconstriction, and nasal decongestion |
|
|
what does terbutaline do?
|
B2 > b1
causes premature uterine contractions |
|
|
What do you give to stop premature uterine contractions?
|
Ritoradine (B2 agonist)
|
|
|
how do amphetamines work?
|
release stored catcholamines
used in narcolepsy, obesity, ADD |
|
|
What does Ephedrine do?
|
releases stored catecholamines
used in nasal decongestion, urinary incontinence, hypotension |
|
|
What does alpha methyldopa do?
|
centrally acting A2 agonist, Decreases central adrenergic outflow (used in hypertension due to decrease renal blood flow)
same mech as clonidine |
|
|
What does phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine do?
|
alpha blockers
phenoxybenzamine - iireversible phentolamine - reversible |
|
|
What are 3 alpha 1 blockers?
|
prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
used for HTN, urinary retention in BPH |
|
|
Name a selective Alpha 2 blocker, its application, and its toxicity.
|
Mirtazapine
depression toxic- sedation, increase serum cholest., increase appetite |
|
|
what cause does a beta blocker have after an MI?
|
decreases mortality
|
|
|
What does a b blocker due for angina?
|
decreases heart rate and contractility, resulting in decreases O2 consumption
|
|
|
What does a B blockers do for hypertension?
|
decreases cardiac output, decreases renin secretio
|
|
|
What are the selective B1> B2 beta blockers?
|
Acebutol (partial agonist)
Betaxol Esmolol Atenolol Metoprolol A BEAM of Beta 1 blockers |
|
|
What does labetalol do?
|
Non selective alpha and B block
|
|
|
What does carvedilol do?
|
non-selective alpha and B Block
|
|
|
Name two partial B agonists?
|
Pindolol, Acebutol
|
|
|
What is the antidote for Salicylates?
|
NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine), dialysis
|
|
|
What is the antidote for amphetamines?
|
NH4CL (acidify urine)
|
|
|
What is the antidote for anticholinesterases?
|
atropine + pralidoxime (PAM)
|
|
|
What is the antidote for antimuscarinic, anticholinergic agents?
|
physostigmine salicylate
|
|
|
What is the antidote for digitalis?
|
stop digitalis
normalize K+ lidocaine anti-dig Fab fragments Mg2+ |
|
|
What is the antidote for Iron
|
Deferoxamine
|
|
|
What is the antidote for Lead
|
CaEDTA, dimercaprol, succimer (children)
|
|
|
What is the antidote for mercury, gold, arsenic?
|
Dimercaprol (BAL, succimer
|
|
|
what is the antidote for Copper, arsenic, gold?
|
penicillamine
|
|
|
What is the antidote for cyanide?
|
nitrite, hydroxocobalamin, thiosulfate
|
|
|
What is the antidote for methemoglobin?
|
methylene blue, vitamin C
|
|
|
What is the antidote for methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)?
|
ethanol
dialysis fomepizole |
|
|
What is the antidote for opiods?
|
naloxone, naltrexone
|
|
|
What is the antidote for TCA?
|
NaHCO3 (serum alkanization)
|
|
|
What is the antidote for tPA, streptokinase?
|
aminocaproic acid
|
|
|
What is the antidote for theophylline?
|
B blocker
|
