Pg 67,68,69,70 From Reading

Front 1

Consists of all of the parts of the body associated with food and water--from the mouth where it enters on down until every nutrient has been absorbed and the waste eliminated.

Back 1

digestive system

Front 2

Liquid waste is mostly eliminated through the ___________ ___________ system.

Back 2

urinary tract

Front 3

_________ (singular viscus) is often used to designate the individual organs of digestion. However, the term is actually a general term for any organ of the abdominal or thoracic cavity. This would include digestive organs such as the liver and pancreas but also respiratory organs, such as the lungs.

Back 3

viscera

Front 4

The liver and pancreas are part of the ____________ organs.

Back 4

digestive

Front 5

The main part of the digestive system is the ______________ canal.

Back 5

alimentary

Front 6

The ____________ canal is also called the GI (gastrointestinal) tract.

Back 6

alimentary

Front 7

___ ________ is the generic term given for the tube which extends from the lips to the anus.

Back 7

GI tract

Front 8

GI stands for _______________.

Back 8

gastrointestinal

Front 9

In medicine, the term _______ generally refers to the developing GI tract of an embryo.

Back 9

gut

Front 10

From the outside of the body, the term ___________ refers to the part of the body from below the chest to the hips.

Back 10

abdomen

Front 11

The liver and pancreas are large __________ organs.

Back 11

secretory

Front 12

The innermost part of the alimentary canal is the ___________ (plural:lumina).

Back 12

lumen

Front 13

The four layers which surround the lumen are:

Back 13

1. mucosa
2. submucosa
3. muscularis
4. adventitia

Front 14

Immediately bordering the luminal cavity is the mucosa (one of four layers which surround the lumen). It is modified according to where it is in the body and its resultant function. It performs three primary functions.
1)_____________: the state of being enlarged--or allowing for an increased capacity. This occurs most notably in the stomach.
2)_____________:the process of absorbing or assimilating nutrients, such as in the small intestine, or water as in the colon.
3)_____________:the glandular parts secrete digestive enzymes into the cavity to break down food, such as takes place in the stomach.

Back 14

1. Distention
2. Absorption
3. Secretion

Front 15

__________ ___________ means containing many blood vessels.

Back 15

highly vascular

Front 16

The third layer which surround the lumen is the muscularis layer. In this layer, the contractions which move food and water through the canal occur. This process is called _______________, and it is made possible by small, circular inner muscles and larger, longitudinal outer muscles. Additionally the muscularis contains ____________ or ____________. These are especially thickened circular muscles which occur in strategic places within the canal to regulate food passage.

Back 16

peristalsis
valves or sphincters

Front 17

What is the name of the outer layer of the wall of the alimentary canal (it is one of the four layers which surround the lumen)?

Back 17

adventitia

Front 18

The fourth and final layer which surrounds the lumen is the adventitia. This is the outer layer of the wall of the alimentary canal. It is covered by the _________ or visceral peritoneum.

Back 18

serosa

Front 19

Essentially, the gastrointestinal tract itself is actually surrounded by another tube called the ______________ cavity.

Back 19

coelemic

Front 20

The coelemic cavity is lined by the ______________ ________________.

Back 20

parietal peritoneum

Front 21

On the back (or the dorsal side) the peritoneum itself forms long, thin sheets of tissue which support the GI tract. This is called the ________ mesentery. The covering as it continues around the alimentary canal is called the visceral peritoneum or ___________.

Back 21

dorsal
serosa

Front 22

Where two organs are next to each other, double folds of peritoneum called ___________ pass between them to support and transmit vessels and nerves to and from the organs. The ___________ is divided into two sections: the lesser ___________ and the greater ____________.

Back 22

omentum
omentum
omentum
omentum

Front 23

The __________ omentum extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the underside of the liver.

Back 23

lesser

Front 24

The ____________ omentum extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.

Back 24

greater

Front 25

abdominal organs which are positioned outside the coelemic cavity and therefore not covered by peritoneum. These are referred to as ______________.

Back 25

retroperitoneal

Front 26

There are some abdominal organs which are positioned outside the coelemic cavity and are therefore not covered by peritoneum. These are referred to as ___________________ and include the pancreas, kidneys, most of the duodenum, and the abdominal aorta.

Back 26

retroperitoneal

Front 27

The __________ is also called oral or buccal cavity.

Back 27

mouth

Front 28

A _____ is a labium (plural:labia), and lingual means "pertaining to the __________".

Back 28

lip
tongue

Front 29

The tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by the ___________ frenulum.

Back 29

lingual

Front 30

You know that lingua refers to the ___________, and a ____________ is a general term for a membrane which curbs or limits the movement of an organ or part.

Back 30

tongue
frenulum

Front 31

Finally, the tongue has many small elevations on it which are called _____________. These are also important in the process of digestion.

Back 31

papillae

Front 32

The specialty of medicine which deals specifically with digestion and problems associated with it is __________________.

Back 32

gastroenterology