Perineum I

Front 1

Roof of perineum

Back 1

a. Pelvic diaphragm

Front 2

Perineal body

Back 2

a. Central tendon of perineum
b. Located near division of urogenital and anal triangles

Front 3

Perineal membrane

Back 3

a. Triangular
b. Durable sheet of fascia
c. Spans ischiopubic rami

Front 4

Transverse perineal ligament

Back 4

i. Anterior thickening of perineal membrane

Front 5

Deep dorsal vein of penis/clitoris course

Back 5

i. Passes through gap between transverse perineal ligament and pubic symphysis

Front 6

What is found in the middle of the anal triangle?

Back 6

i. Anal canal and anus

Front 7

Deep part of external anal sphincter

Back 7

1. Forms a ring around anal canal
2. Merges with fibers of puborectalis

Front 8

Superficial part of external anal sphincter

Back 8

1. Surrounds anal canal
2. Attaches anteriorly to perineal body
3. Attaches posteriorly to anococcygeal ligament

Front 9

Subcutaneous part of external anal sphincter

Back 9

1. Lies just beneath the skin at anus

Front 10

Ischioanal fossae

Back 10

a. Open, wedge-shaped spaces lateral to anal canal
b. Continuous with each other posteriorly

Front 11

Inferior rectal nerve

Back 11

i. Passes through ischioanal fossae

Front 12

Boundaries of ischioanal fossae

Back 12

i. Obturator internus and its fascia (superolateral)
ii. Inferior surface of levator ani (superomedial)
iii. Skin of perineum (inferior)

Front 13

Contents of pudendal canal

Back 13

i. Internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve pass through
ii. Between obturator internus and its fascia
iii. On lateral wall of ischioanal fossa

Front 14

Inferior rectal artery

Back 14

a. First branch of internal pudendal artery within pudendal canal

Front 15

Course of inferior rectal artery

Back 15

i. Through fat in ischioanal fossa to anastomose with middle and superior rectal arteries

Front 16

Inferior rectal artery supplies...

Back 16

i. Tissues in anal triangle

Front 17

Inferior rectal nerve

Back 17

a. Branches from pudendal nerve near the initial portion of pudendal canal

Front 18

Inferior rectal nerve course

Back 18

i. Medial with inferior rectal artery towards anus

Front 19

Inferior rectal nerve supplies...

Back 19

i. External anal sphincter and levator ani muscles
ii. Distal anal canal
iii. Skin in region

Front 20

Contents of urogenital triangle

Back 20

i. External genitalia
ii. Distal part of urethra
iii. Several small skeletal muscle
iv. (In general between genders)

Front 21

Superficial perineal space contents

Back 21

i. External genitalia

Front 22

Deep perineal space

Back 22

i. Urethra with sphincter
ii. Ischioanal recess/fat
iii. Bulbourethral glands (male)

Front 23

Urogenital triangle innervation and perfusion

Back 23

i. Internal pudendal artery
ii. Pudendal nerve

Front 24

Root of penis

Back 24

i. Located deep to scrotum
ii. Attached to perineal membrane

Front 25

Where are the crura of the penis anchored?

Back 25

1. Medial surface of ischiopubic rami

Front 26

On what structure is the bulb of the penis anchored?

Back 26

1. Perineal membrane

Front 27

Body of penis

Back 27

i. Free, middle portion of penis

Front 28

Dorsal/ventral definition of penis

Back 28

1. Position is determined when penis is erect

Front 29

Corona of penis

Back 29

1. Prominent margin of the glans
2. Projects backwards over body of penis

Front 30

Neck of the glans

Back 30

1. Constriction between body of penis and glans

Front 31

Corpora cavernosa

Back 31

i. Paired erectile tissue
ii. Forms crura of penis
iii. Surrounded by tunica albuginea

Front 32

What structure forms the septum in the body of the penis?

Back 32

1. Tunica albuginea around corpora cavernosa

Front 33

Corpus spongiosum

Back 33

i. Surrounds spongy urethra
ii. Expands posteriorly to form bulb of penis
iii. Expands at glans penis to cpa the distal ends of corpora cavernosa

Front 34

Bulbourethral glands

Back 34

i. Embedded in fibers of external urethral sphincter muscle
ii. Superior to bulb of penis
iii. Release pre-ejaculatory fluid into spongy urethra

Front 35

Urethral surface of penis

Back 35

1. Median raphe that is continuous with scrotal raphe

Front 36

Prepuce

Back 36

1. Free fold of skin that overlaps the glans
2. “Foreskin”

Front 37

Frenulum of prepuce

Back 37

1. Fold of skin connecting deep surface of prepuce with glans
2. Immediately ventral to external urethral orifice

Front 38

Phimosis

Back 38

1. Inability to retract prepuce from the glans penis due to a constriction in the preputial orifice

Front 39

Dartos fascia composition

Back 39

1. Loose areolar tissue
2. Devoid of fat

Front 40

Dartos fascia content

Back 40

1. Smooth muscle fibers from dartos fascia of scrotum

Front 41

Dartos fascia is continuous with...

Back 41

1. Scarpa’s fascia of abdominal wall

Front 42

Deep penile fascia aka

Back 42

1. “Buck’s fascia”

Front 43

Deep penile fascia is continuous with...

Back 43

a. Deep perineal fascia

Front 44

Deep penile fascia encloses...

Back 44

a. Erectile tissue
b. Major vessels and nerves of penis

Front 45

Deep penile fascia extends from...

Back 45

a. From neck of the glans to root of the penis

Front 46

Suspensor ligament of penis

Back 46

1. Triangular-shaped
2. Attaches to pubic symphysis and to deep penile fascia at proximal end of body of penis

Front 47

Fundiform ligament of penis

Back 47

1. Superficial to suspensory ligament
2. Encircles body of penis near pubic symphysis

Front 48

Fundiform ligament of penis blends with...

Back 48

a. Superficial penile fascia

Front 49

Fundiform ligament of penis extends to...

Back 49

a. Septum of scrotum

Front 50

Bulbospongiosus attaches...

Back 50

1. Posterior at perineal body
2. Fibers encircle bulb of penis and the intial part of body of penis

Front 51

Action of bulbospongiosus

Back 51

1. Contraction aids in expelling urine or semen from drainage from the corpus spongiosum

Front 52

Ischiocavernosus

Back 52

i. Arises form medial aspect of ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic rami
ii. Inserts into sides of corpora cavernosa of crura

Front 53

Action of ischiocavernosus

Back 53

1. Aids in erection by impeding venous drainage from corpora cavernosa
2. Pushes blood from the root to body of penis

Front 54

Superficial transverse perineal muscles

Back 54

i. Skeletal muscles of superficial perineal pouch
ii. Attach to ischial tuberosity and insert into perineal body
iii. Run along posterior border of urogenital triangle

Front 55

Action of superficial transverse perineal muscles

Back 55

1. Helps stabilize perineal body

Front 56

Dartos fascia in scrotum

Back 56

1. Superficial
2. Continuation of Scarpa’s fascia of abdominal wall

Front 57

Scrotal raphe

Back 57

1. External extension of scrotal septum
2. Forward→ penile raphe
3. Posterior→ perineal raphe