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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is the similarity between the inferior pelvic aperture and the perineum?
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They have the same boundaries
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what are the boundaries of the perineum
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pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, tip of coccyx
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what are the two "triangles" of the perineum?
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the anal triangle and the urogenital triangle
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what is the other name of the superficial perineal fascia?
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Colles' fascia
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what is colles' fascia continuous with?
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Scarpa's fascia in the abdomen
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what does the perineal membrane form?
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the transverse ligament of the perineum
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what are the two spaces of the urogenital triangle?
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the superficial perineal space, and the deep perineal space
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what are the 3 muscles of the superficial perineal space?
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ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal muscle
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what nerve innervates all of the perineum?
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pudendal nerve
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action of the ischiocavernosus in females
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compresses crus of the clitoris
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is the ischiocavernosus the base or diagonal of the urogenital triangle?
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diagonal
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action of the bulbospongiosus in females?
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compresses erectile tissue and constricts vaginal orifice
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is the bulbospongiosus the base, diagonal, or vertical portion of the urogenital triangle?
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the vertical portion, adjacent to the genital
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action of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?
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stabilizes perineal body
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what is the perineal body?
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fibromuscular mass in center of perineum.
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what is the bulb of vestibule?
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elongated erectile tissue in the female
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other name for the greater vestibular glands?
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Bartholin's glands
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where are bartholin's glands? what do they do?
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deep to the vestibular bulb. when compressed, they secrete lubricating mucus into the vagina.
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what are the 2 muscles of the female deep perineal space?
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deep transverse perineal muscle, and the sphincter urethrae
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action of deep transverse perineal muscle?
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stabilizes perineal body and supports vagina
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what causes extravasated urine?
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rupture of the spongy urethra allows urine to fill the superficial perineal space.
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what are two additional fascial layers of the male genitalia?
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dartos fascia of the scrotum, superficial fascia of the penis.
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action of ischiocavernosus in the male?
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compresses crus and deep dorsal vein of penis, thus maintaining erection.
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action of bulbospongiosus in the male?
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compresses the bulb, thus impeding venous return and maintaining erection. also compresses the corpus spongiosum to expel last drops of semen or urine.
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where does the bulbospongiosus insert in the male?
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corpus cavernosus and perineal membrane.
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what are the 3 major things in the male deep perineal space?
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deep transverse perineal muscle, sphincter urethrae, bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands.
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where do the Cowper's glands ducts enter?
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penile urethra
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what are the two ligaments of the penis?
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fundiform ligament of penis, and the suspensory ligament of the penis
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where does the fundiform ligament of the penis arise from?
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linea alba and Scarpa's fascia.
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does the fundiform ligament encircle the penis?
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yes
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what is the other name of the superficial fascia of the scrotum?
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Dartos fascia
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what are the 8 layers of the scrotum, from superficial to deep?
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skin, dartos fascia, external spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle, internal spermatic fascia, parietal layer of tunica vaginalis, epididymis, testis covered by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis
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what two arteries supply the scrotum?
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external pudendal arteries, posterior scrotal branches of internal pudendal arteries.
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what 4 nerves innervate the scrotum?
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anterior scrotal branch of ilioinguinal nerve, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, posterior scrotal branch of perineal branch of the pudendal nerve, perineal branch of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve.
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what are the 3 masses of erectile tissue in the penis?
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2x corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum
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what 3 things comprise the root of the penis?
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2 crura+bulb
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what is the frenulum?
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small piece of skin at end of penis on ventral side
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what fascia of the penis is continuous with the external abdominal oblique fascia?
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deep fascia of the penis (Bucks' fascia)
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what is the corpus cavernosum covered by (which helps maintain erection)?
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tunica albuginea
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what is different about the tunica albuginea covering the corpus spongiosum?
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it is elastic to allow passage of the semen.
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what does the deep dorsal vein of the penis run with?
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dorsal artery and dorsal nerve
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in what structure is the pudendal canal found?
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ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae
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which triangle is the ischiorectal fossae found?
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anal triangle
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what is the main muscle of the anal triangle?
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external anal sphincter
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what innervates the external anal sphincter?
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inferior rectal nerve
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through what do the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery pass to enter the perineum?
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lesser sciatic foramen
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what does the internal pudendal artery cross between exiting and entering the sciatic foramina?
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ischial spine
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what are the 6 branches of the internal pudendal artery after it passes through the pudendal canal?
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inferior rectal, deep artery to penis, perineal, artery to bulb, urethral, dorsal artery to penis.
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what is the lymphatic drainage of the perineum?
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superficial inguinal nodes-->external iliac nodes-->lumbar (aortic) nodes
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where do the internal iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from?
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upper rectum, upper vagina, and other pelvic organs.
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lymph drainage from superior rectum?
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drains into inferior mesenteric nodes, then to aortic nodes
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lymph drainage of ovaries or testes?
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drains along gonadal vessels directly into the aortic nodes.
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what is the female homolog of the male corpus spongiosum?
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bulb of the vestibule
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what is the male homolog of the labia minus?
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ventral aspect of the penis
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what is the female homolog of the bulbourethral glands?
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greater vestibular glands
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what are the three branches of the pudendal nerve?
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inferior rectal nerve, dorsal nerve, and perineal nerve
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