Penny- Pancreas

Front 1

What is acinar cells?

Back 1

Cells of the pancreas that carry out the exocrine functions: produce amylase and Lipase, sodium bicarbonate, and other digestive enzymes.

Front 2

What’s annular pancreas?

Back 2

Congenital anomaly of pancreas that is a maldevelopment in which most of the ventral part of the pancreas encases the duodenum and can lead to duodenal obstruction.

Front 3

What is chronic pancreatitis?

Back 3

Recurring destruction to the pancreatic tissue that cause atrophy, fibrosis with scarring, developed calcification within the gland.

Front 4

What’s cystic fibrosis?

Back 4

Inherited disorder. Organs affected that secretes mucus is: pancreas, liver, lungs and other digestive organs; instead they secrete sticky mucus.

Front 5

What’s cystic fibrosis?

Back 5

Inherited disorder. Organs affected that secretes mucus is: pancreas, liver, lungs and other digestive organs; instead they secrete sticky mucus.

Front 6

What is a double duct sign?

Back 6

Coexisting enlargement of the CBD and pancreatic duct

Front 7

What’s cystic fibrosis?

Back 7

Inherited disorder. Organs affected that secretes mucus is: pancreas, liver, lungs and other digestive organs; instead they secrete sticky mucus.

Front 8

What is a double duct sign?

Back 8

Coexisting enlargement of the CBD and pancreatic duct

Front 9

What is the duct of santorini and duct of Wirsung?

Back 9

Duct of Santorini is the accessory pancreatic duct.

Duct of Wirsung is the main pancreatic duct.

Front 10

What’s cystic fibrosis?

Back 10

Inherited disorder. Organs affected that secretes mucus is: pancreas, liver, lungs and other digestive organs; instead they secrete sticky mucus.

Front 11

What is a double duct sign?

Back 11

Coexisting enlargement of the CBD and pancreatic duct

Front 12

What is the duct of santorini and duct of Wirsung?

Back 12

Duct of Santorini is the accessory pancreatic duct.

Duct of Wirsung is the main pancreatic duct.

Front 13

What’s the duodenum?

Back 13

First portion of the small intestine.

Front 14

What is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography??

Back 14

Endoscopic procedure that utilizes fluoro to Eval the biliary tree and pancreas.

Front 15

What is gastrinoma?

Back 15

Islet cell tumor in the pancreas

Front 16

What is hyperamylasemia?

Back 16

Elevated amylase

Front 17

What is hyperparathyroidism?

Back 17

Presence of elevated parathyroid hormone.

Front 18

What is hyperparathyroidism?

Back 18

Presence of elevated parathyroid hormone.

Front 19

What is ileus?

Back 19

Bowel obstruction caused by the lack of normal peristalsis

Front 20

What is insulinoma?

Back 20

Islet tumor found in the pancreas

Front 21

What is Islets of Langerhans?

Back 21

Small islands of tissue found within the pancreas that produces insulin and glucagon.

Front 22

What is Islets of Langerhans?

Back 22

Small islands of tissue found within the pancreas that produces insulin and glucagon.

Front 23

What are islet cell tumors?

Back 23

Tumor found within the islet of langerhans of the pancreas

Front 24

What is the lesser sac?

Back 24

Peritoneal cavity located between the stomach and pancreas where fluid can accumulate.

Front 25

What is the lesser sac?

Back 25

Peritoneal cavity located between the stomach and pancreas where fluid can accumulate.

Front 26

What is the most common form of pancreatic malignancy, typically found within the head of pancreas.

Back 26

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Front 27

What is the lesser sac?

Back 27

Peritoneal cavity located between the stomach and pancreas where fluid can accumulate.

Front 28

What is the most common form of pancreatic malignancy, typically found within the head of pancreas.

Back 28

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Front 29

What is pancreatic divisum?

Back 29

Congenital anomaly of the pancreas that results in a shortened main pancreatic duct that only works to drain the pancreatic head and not entire pancreas.

Front 30

What is pancreaticoduodenectomy?

Back 30

Surgical procedure in the head of pancreas, gallbladder, some Of the bile duct, and prox duodenum removes because of malignant pancreatic neoplasm; whipple procedure

Front 31

What does the Whipple procedure involve?

Back 31

If malignant pancreatic neoplasm identified. Removal of pancreatic head, part of the bile duct, gallbladder, and prox duodenum removed.

Front 32

What does the Whipple procedure involve?

Back 32

If malignant pancreatic neoplasm identified. Removal of pancreatic head, part of the bile duct, gallbladder, and prox duodenum removed.

Front 33

What’s phlegmon?

Back 33

Peripancreatic fluid collection that results from inflammation of the pancreas.

Front 34

What is the uncinate process?

Back 34

Posteromedial extension of the pancreatic head.

Front 35

What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?

Back 35

Cyst surrounded by fibrous tissue that consists of pancreatic enzymes that have leaked from the pancreas.

Front 36

What is a pancreatic pseudocyst?

Back 36

Cyst surrounded by fibrous tissue that consists of pancreatic enzymes that have leaked from the pancreas.

Front 37

What is Zollinger Ellison Syndrome?

Back 37

Syndrome that includes excessive secretion of acid by the stomach caused by the presence of a functional gastrinoma within the pancreas.

Front 38

What is Von Hippel Lindau Disease?

Back 38

Hereditary disease that includes the development of cysts in the pancreas and other organs.

Front 39

Pancreas a intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal organ?

Back 39

Retroperitoneal organ

Front 40

Is the pancreas an endocrine gland, exocrine gland, or both?

Back 40

Endocrine and Exocrine gland

Front 41

Pancreas uses the gland to?

Back 41

Exocrine gland to export amylase and lipase (ducts to transport digestive juices)

Endocrine to release insulin and glucagon (hormones directly into bloodstream)

Front 42

What does amylase do?

Back 42

Digest carbs and converts starch to sugar.

Front 43

What does amylase do?

Back 43

Digest carbs and converts starch to sugar.

Front 44

What does Lipase do?

Back 44

Digest fats and convert fats to fatty acids and glycerol.

Front 45

What does sodium bicarbonate do?

Back 45

Neutralize stomach acid

Front 46

What does trypsin, chymotripsin, and carboxypolypeptidase do?

Back 46

Digest proteins

Front 47

Endocrine function of the pancreas is performed by?

Back 47

Islets of Langerhans; composed of alpha, beta, delta cells.

Produce vital hormones: insulin, glucagon

Front 48

Endocrine function of the pancreas is performed by?

Back 48

Islets of Langerhans; composed of alpha, beta, delta cells.

Produce vital hormones: insulin, glucagon

Front 49

What is the arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is through?

Back 49

Gastroduodenal artery

Front 50

The body and tail of the pancreas receive their blood supply from?

Back 50

Superior mesenteric artery and splenic artery.

Front 51

Venous drainage of the pancreas is by?

Back 51

Superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein, portal vein.

Front 52

Alpha cells release?

Beta cells release?

Delta cells release?

Back 52

Alpha- Glucagon; promote the release of glucose by the liver (increase blood sugar level)

Beta- insulin; Stimulates the body to use glucagon.

Delta- Somatostatin; restrains insulin and glucose level.

Front 53

Adult Pancreas comparison to liver and spleen?

Back 53

Pancreas is brighter than liver.

Pancreas is equal or greater echogenicity than spleen.

Front 54

Adult Pancreas comparison to liver and spleen?

Back 54

Pancreas is brighter than liver.

Pancreas is equal or greater echogenicity than spleen.

Front 55

Echogenicity of a pediatric pancreas appears?

Back 55

Hypoechoic; lack of fat surrounding the pancreas.

Front 56

Adult Pancreas comparison to liver and spleen?

Back 56

Pancreas is brighter than liver.

Pancreas is equal or greater echogenicity than spleen.

Front 57

Echogenicity of a pediatric pancreas appears?

Back 57

Hypoechoic; lack of fat surrounding the pancreas.

Front 58

Name the anterior and posterior structure within the pancreatic head.

Back 58

Anterior- GDA

Posterior- CBD

Front 59

The AP diameter of the main pancreatic duct should not exceed?

Back 59

2 mm

Front 60

What is the normal pancreatic head and body of the pancreas?

What is the tail measurement?

Back 60

Between 2-3 cm.

Tail: between 1-2 cm

Front 61

What is anterior to the aorta.

Posterior to the superior mesenteric vein; May completely surround the SMV?

Back 61

Uncinate process

Front 62

What is anterior to the aorta.

Posterior to the superior mesenteric vein; May completely surround the SMV?

Back 62

Uncinate process

Front 63

What is anterior to the portal confluence?

Back 63

Pancreas neck

Front 64

What is anterior to the superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and superior mesenteric artery?

Back 64

Pancreas body

Front 65

What is anterior to the inferior vena cava and inferior to the portal vein?

Right lateral to superior mesenteric vein?

Back 65

Pancreas head

Front 66

What is anterior to the inferior vena cava and inferior to the portal vein?

Right lateral to superior mesenteric vein?

Back 66

Pancreas head

Front 67

The splenic vein marks posterior border of?

Back 67

Pancreatic rail

Front 68

What is the two most common congenital anomalies of the pancreas?

Back 68

Annular pancreas, pancreatic divisum

Front 69

Is pancreatic divisum and annular pancreas the same beingmost common or is one more common than the other?

Back 69

Pancreatic divisum - Most common congenital variant.

Front 70

Is pancreatic divisum and annular pancreas the same beingmost common or is one more common than the other?

Back 70

Pancreatic divisum - Most common congenital variant.

Front 71

Which pancreatic duct drains more when pancreatic divisum?

Back 71

Duct of santorini. Forced to drain rest of the pancreas, except the head. Empties larger than normal amount of pancreatic juices through the minor sphincter. Abnormal duct arrangement causes functional obstruction, disallowing proper pancreatic drainage and increasing risk for pancreatic inflammation secondary to obstruction.

Front 72

Which congenital anomaly of the pancreas is detected in utero?

Back 72

Annular pancreas; with the use of radiography

Front 73

Which congenital anomaly of the pancreas is detected in utero?

Back 73

Annular pancreas; with the use of radiography

Front 74

Pancreatic divisum can lead to?

Back 74

Chronic and acute pancreatitis

Front 75

What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis??

Back 75

Alcohol abuse and biliary tract disease, such as choledocholithiasis, post ERCP, and trauma.

Front 76

Clinical findings of the acute pancreatitis?

Back 76

Back pain, elevated amylase, Lipase, leukocytosis,blood glucose, abdominal pain, relief in sitting or leaning forward temporarily relieve pain.

Front 77

With acute pancreatitis does amylase or Lipase rise first??

Which one is more specific to identifying pancreatitis?

Back 77

Amylase rise first, then Lipase within 72 hours.

Lipase is more specific

Front 78

Gallstone pancreatitis typically has which lab elevated?

Back 78

ALT (Alanine aminotransferase)

Front 79

Severe pancreatitis that leads necrosis and hemorrhage of the organ the patient will experience what Sx?

Back 79

Shock, ileus, decreased hematocrit secondary to hemorrhage.

Front 80

Moderate and severe pancreatitis, the body will attempt to encapsulate the damaging digestive enzymes that leaked from the pancreas and form?

Most common site for pancreatic pseudocyst is?

Back 80

Pseudocyst.

Lesser sac.

Front 81

What vascular complications can rise due to secondary destructive influence of pancreatic enzymes on adjacent vascular structures?

Back 81

Thrombosis of splenic vein, pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery.

Front 82

What will result in a diffusely enlarged, hypoechoic gland?

Back 82

Diffuse acute pancreatitis

Front 83

What is the often cause of chronic pancreatitis?

Back 83

Chronic alcohol abuse.

Other include: hyperparathyroidism, pancreatic divisum, pancreatic duct obstruction, trauma

Front 84

Sonographic findings include: atrophy of the pancreas with poor margins, heterogenous or hyperechoic. fibrosis, scarring, calcification. Pancreatic pseudocyst, dilated pancreatic duct.

Back 84

Chronic pancreatitis.

Front 85

Sonographic findings include: atrophy of the pancreas with poor margins, heterogenous or hyperechoic. fibrosis, scarring, calcification. Pancreatic pseudocyst, dilated pancreatic duct.

Back 85

Chronic pancreatitis.

Front 86

Sonographic finding include pancreas appears normal. Hypoechoic pancreas, diffusely enlarged. Focal hypoechoic area in pancreas. Pancreatic pseudocyst, unencapsulated anechoic fluid collection surrounding pancreas.

Back 86

Acute pancreatitis

Front 87

Patient is asymptomatic but could have persistent epigastric pain, jaundice, back pain, anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, constipation, elevation in ALP, Amylase, Lipase.

Back 87

Chronic pancreatitis

Front 88

Patient is asymptomatic but could have persistent epigastric pain, jaundice, back pain, anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, constipation, elevation in ALP, Amylase, Lipase.

Back 88

Chronic pancreatitis

Front 89

This is the fourth most common cancer related deaths in men?

Back 89

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Front 90

What is the name of the treatment that is performed on patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

Back 90

Whipple procedure

Front 91

Pt presents with jaundice, stated they have lost their appetite, loss weight. Have epigastric pain, elevated ALP, amylase and Lipase. Finding: enlarged palpable gallbladder. Dilated common bile duct and pancreatic duct(double duct sign), hypoechoic mass on head of pancreas. Suspect?

Back 91

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Front 92

Cystadenoma is also called?

Back 92

(Microcystic) serous cystadenoma or (macrocystic) mucinous cystadenoma

Front 93

Serous tumors within the pancreas are?

Mucinous tumors within the pancreas are?

Back 93

Serous: small and benign. (Small, cystic mass: solid and echogenic secondary to the small size of the cyst).

Mucinous: large and malignant potential. When malignant called muscinous cystadenocarcinoma (multilocular cyst that contain mural nodules and calcifications.)

Front 94

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma are found most often where?

Back 94

Pancreas body and tail

Front 95

Pancreatic Cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma are found in pancreas body and tail??

Back 95

Pancreatic Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 96

Pt present with jaundice, weight loss, palpable mass, epigastric pain. Finding: cystic mass near pancreas.

Back 96

Serous cystadenoma

Front 97

Pt present with jaundice, weight loss, palpable mass, epigastric pain. Finding: cystic mass near pancreas.

Back 97

Serous cystadenoma

Front 98

Pt present with jaundice, weight loss, palpable mass, epigastric pain. Finding: multilocularis cystic mass that has calcifications. Dilated pancreatic duct.

Back 98

Mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma

Front 99

Which islet cell tumor is more common?

Back 99

Insulinoma (usually solitary)

Front 100

Which islet cell tumor is more common?

Back 100

Insulinoma (usually solitary)

Front 101

What’s the difference between appearance of insulinoma and gastrinoma?

Back 101

Insulinoma is solitary.

Gastrinoma is multiple and difficult to image.

Front 102

Which islet cell tumor is more common?

Back 102

Insulinoma (usually solitary)

Front 103

What’s the difference between appearance of insulinoma and gastrinoma?

Back 103

Insulinoma is solitary.

Gastrinoma is multiple and difficult to image.

Front 104

Functional gastrinoma produce?

Back 104

Zollinger Ellison syndrome

Front 105

functional insulinoma can cause?

Back 105

Hypoglycemia

Front 106

functional insulinoma can cause?

Back 106

Hypoglycemia

Front 107

What is associated with the development of cysts in many organs??

Back 107

Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome, ADPKD, cystic fibrosis

Front 108

Sonographic finding: well defined anechoic mass with posterior enhancement.

Possibly hx of ADPKD, cystic fibrosis, VHL.

Back 108

True pancreatic cysts

Front 109

When received a pancreas and renal transplant, where are the organs placed?

Back 109

Pancreas transplant placed on the right side of abdomen. Kidney transplant on the left side of abdomen.

Front 110

What pancreatic transplant is more common?

Back 110

Exocrine enteric drainage.

Donors duodenum is anastomosed to loop of jejunum. Splenic and SMA connected to iliac arteries (Y graft).

Donor common iliac portion anastomosed to recipient common iliac artery and external iliac artery.

Transplants in RUQ or on right side. Vertical orientation within the body.

Front 111

What are the pancreatic transplant fluid collections?

Back 111

Abscess, Ascites, hematoma, urinoma, pseudocyst

Front 112

Which of the following would be the most likely vascular complication of acute pancreatitis?

Back 112

Thrombosis in the splenic vein