Penny- Multiple Gestation

Front 1

What is acardia twin?

Back 1

TRAP syndrome, one fetus is normal “pump twin” and the other fetus has no heart, upper extremities or upper body.

Front 2

Define amnion?

Back 2

Surrounds and contains the embryo. Contains amniotic fluid. Echogenic curvilinear structure that may be seen first trimester within the gestational sac.

Front 3

What is amnionicity?

Back 3

Relates to number of amnions in a multiple gestation.

Front 4

What is the amniotic sac?

Back 4

Fluid filled space, created by the amnion, surrounding the developing embryo or fetus.

Front 5

What is anastomoses?

Back 5

Vascular connection

Front 6

Define anemia?

Back 6

Deficiency in number of RBCs

Front 7

What is assisted reproductive therapy?

Back 7

Techniques used to treat infertility.

Front 8

What is assisted reproductive therapy?

Back 8

Techniques used to treat infertility.

Front 9

Define chorion?

Back 9

Outer membrane of a gestation that surrounds the amnion and developing embryo.

Front 10

What is assisted reproductive therapy?

Back 10

Techniques used to treat infertility.

Front 11

Define chorion?

Back 11

Outer membrane of a gestation that surrounds the amnion and developing embryo.

Front 12

Define chorionicity?

Back 12

Number of chorions and the type of placentation in a multiple gestation

Front 13

What is assisted reproductive therapy?

Back 13

Techniques used to treat infertility.

Front 14

Define chorion?

Back 14

Outer membrane of a gestation that surrounds the amnion and developing embryo.

Front 15

Define chorionicity?

Back 15

Number of chorions and the type of placentation in a multiple gestation

Front 16

Define cleavage?

Back 16

Division of a cell

Front 17

Define conjoining Twins?

Back 17

Monoamniotic and Monochorionic Twins that are attached at the head, thorax, abdomen, lower body.

Front 18

Define conjoining Twins?

Back 18

Monoamniotic and Monochorionic Twins that are attached at the head, thorax, abdomen, lower body.

Front 19

Define craniopagus?

Back 19

Twins joined at the head

Front 20

Define conjoining Twins?

Back 20

Monoamniotic and Monochorionic Twins that are attached at the head, thorax, abdomen, lower body.

Front 21

Define craniopagus?

Back 21

Twins joined at the head

Front 22

Define delta sign?

Back 22

Lambda sign

Front 23

Define Diamniotic?

Define dichorionic?

Back 23

2 amnion sacs

2 placentas

Front 24

Define Diamniotic?

Define dichorionic?

Back 24

2 amnion sacs

2 placentas

Front 25

Define dichorionic Diamniotic?

Back 25

2 amnion sacs and 2 placenta.

Front 26

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 26

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 27

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 27

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 28

What is dizygotic?

Back 28

Two ova are fertilized by two sperms.

Front 29

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 29

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 30

What is dizygotic?

Back 30

Two ova are fertilized by two sperms.

Front 31

Define endoscopic guided laser photocoagulagion?

Back 31

Used to fix (treatment) for TTTS.

Separate abnormal placental vascular connections between twins suffering from TTTS.

Front 32

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 32

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 33

What is dizygotic?

Back 33

Two ova are fertilized by two sperms.

Front 34

Define endoscopic guided laser photocoagulagion?

Back 34

Used to fix (treatment) for TTTS.

Separate abnormal placental vascular connections between twins suffering from TTTS.

Front 35

Define fetus papyraceus?

Back 35

death of one fetus in a twin pregnancy that is maintained throughout the pregnancy; actually means paperlike fetus.

Front 36

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 36

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 37

What is dizygotic?

Back 37

Two ova are fertilized by two sperms.

Front 38

Define endoscopic guided laser photocoagulagion?

Back 38

Used to fix (treatment) for TTTS.

Separate abnormal placental vascular connections between twins suffering from TTTS.

Front 39

Define fetus papyraceus?

Back 39

death of one fetus in a twin pregnancy that is maintained throughout the pregnancy; actually means paperlike fetus.

Front 40

Define fraternal Twins?

Back 40

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova and have dissimilar characteristics.

Front 41

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 41

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 42

What is dizygotic?

Back 42

Two ova are fertilized by two sperms.

Front 43

Define endoscopic guided laser photocoagulagion?

Back 43

Used to fix (treatment) for TTTS.

Separate abnormal placental vascular connections between twins suffering from TTTS.

Front 44

Define fetus papyraceus?

Back 44

death of one fetus in a twin pregnancy that is maintained throughout the pregnancy; actually means paperlike fetus.

Front 45

Define fraternal Twins?

Back 45

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova and have dissimilar characteristics.

Front 46

Define heterotopic pregnancy?

Back 46

Coexisting ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy

Front 47

What is discordant fetal growth?

Back 47

Asymmetric fetal weight between twins.

Front 48

What is dizygotic?

Back 48

Two ova are fertilized by two sperms.

Front 49

Define endoscopic guided laser photocoagulagion?

Back 49

Used to fix (treatment) for TTTS.

Separate abnormal placental vascular connections between twins suffering from TTTS.

Front 50

Define fetus papyraceus?

Back 50

death of one fetus in a twin pregnancy that is maintained throughout the pregnancy; actually means paperlike fetus.

Front 51

Define fraternal Twins?

Back 51

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova and have dissimilar characteristics.

Front 52

Define heterotopic pregnancy?

Back 52

Coexisting ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy

Front 53

Define fetal Hydrops?

Back 53

Accumulation of fluid in at least two fetal body cavities

Front 54

Define hypoxia?

Back 54

Lack of oxygen in the blood; shortage of oxygen.

Front 55

Define Identical twins?

Back 55

Split from a single zygote and share the same genetic structure

Front 56

Define Identical twins?

Back 56

Split from a single zygote and share the same genetic structure

Front 57

Lambda sign?

Back 57

Has 4 layers; two chorion and two amnion. Aka delta sign or twin peak sign. Triangular extension at the base of the membrane.

Front 58

Define Identical twins?

Back 58

Split from a single zygote and share the same genetic structure

Front 59

Lambda sign?

Back 59

Has 4 layers; two chorion and two amnion. Aka delta sign or twin peak sign. Triangular extension at the base of the membrane.

Front 60

Define Monoamniotic and Monochorionic?

Back 60

1 amniotic sac.

1 placenta (chorion)

Front 61

Define Monochorionic Diamniotic?

Define Monochorionic Monoamniotic

Back 61

1 placenta, 2 amniotic sac.

1 placenta, 1 amniotic sac.

Front 62

Define Monochorionic Diamniotic?

Define Monochorionic Monoamniotic

Back 62

1 placenta, 2 amniotic sac.

1 placenta, 1 amniotic sac.

Front 63

Define monozygotic?

Back 63

Coming from one fertilized ovum or zygote.

Front 64

Define Monochorionic Diamniotic?

Define Monochorionic Monoamniotic

Back 64

1 placenta, 2 amniotic sac.

1 placenta, 1 amniotic sac.

Front 65

Define monozygotic?

Back 65

Coming from one fertilized ovum or zygote.

Front 66

Morbidity means?

Back 66

Relative frequency of occurrence of a disease

Front 67

Define Monochorionic Diamniotic?

Define Monochorionic Monoamniotic

Back 67

1 placenta, 2 amniotic sac.

1 placenta, 1 amniotic sac.

Front 68

Define monozygotic?

Back 68

Coming from one fertilized ovum or zygote.

Front 69

Morbidity means?

Back 69

Relative frequency of occurrence of a disease

Front 70

Mortality means?

Back 70

Death rate

Front 71

Omphalopagus means?

Back 71

Conjoined Twins attached at the abdomen.

Front 72

Define ovum?

Back 72

Unfertilized egg

Front 73

Define parasitic twin??

Back 73

Acardiac twin

Front 74

Define parasitic twin??

Back 74

Acardiac twin

Front 75

Define placentation?

Back 75

Formation of structure of a placenta, structural organization, and mode of attachment of fetal to maternal tissues during placental formation.

Front 76

Define parasitic twin??

Back 76

Acardiac twin

Front 77

Define placentation?

Back 77

Formation of structure of a placenta, structural organization, and mode of attachment of fetal to maternal tissues during placental formation.

Front 78

Define porencephaly?

Back 78

Development of cystic cavity in the cerebrum. May be result of an intraparenchymal hemorrhage.

Front 79

What’s preeclampsia?

Back 79

Pregnancy induced maternal Elevated blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation.

Front 80

What’s preeclampsia?

Back 80

Pregnancy induced maternal Elevated blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation.

Front 81

What’s pulmonary hypoplasia?

Back 81

Underdeveloped fetal lungs.

Front 82

Define pyopagus?

Back 82

Twins joined back to back in the sacral region

Front 83

Stillborn means?

Back 83

Dead at birth

Front 84

Define stuck twin?

Back 84

Suffering from TTTS. One fetus has Oligohydramnios and gives the recipient twin all the nutrients. Donor gets stuck and is smaller. The recipient twin gets polyhydramnios, Hydrops, CHF.

Front 85

Define stuck twin?

Back 85

Suffering from TTTS. One fetus has Oligohydramnios and gives the recipient twin all the nutrients. Donor gets stuck and is smaller. The recipient twin gets polyhydramnios, Hydrops, CHF.

Front 86

What’s therapeutic amniocentesis?

Back 86

If fetus has polyhydramnios, amniocentesis can get rid of excess AFV.

Front 87

Define stuck twin?

Back 87

Suffering from TTTS. One fetus has Oligohydramnios and gives the recipient twin all the nutrients. Donor gets stuck and is smaller. The recipient twin gets polyhydramnios, Hydrops, CHF.

Front 88

What’s therapeutic amniocentesis?

Back 88

If fetus has polyhydramnios, amniocentesis can get rid of excess AFV.

Front 89

Thoracopagus means?

Back 89

Twins joined at the chest

Front 90

Define stuck twin?

Back 90

Suffering from TTTS. One fetus has Oligohydramnios and gives the recipient twin all the nutrients. Donor gets stuck and is smaller. The recipient twin gets polyhydramnios, Hydrops, CHF.

Front 91

What’s therapeutic amniocentesis?

Back 91

If fetus has polyhydramnios, amniocentesis can get rid of excess AFV.

Front 92

Thoracopagus means?

Back 92

Twins joined at the chest

Front 93

What is twin embolization syndrome?

Back 93

One twin dies and the vascular contents travel through shared anastomosed (shared placenta) to the recipient twin.

Front 94

Define twin peak sign?

Back 94

Lambda sign

Front 95

Define twin peak sign?

Back 95

Lambda sign

Front 96

Twin - twin transfusion syndrome?

Back 96

Shunting of venous or arterial blood from one twin to another through placental circulation.

Front 97

Define twin peak sign?

Back 97

Lambda sign

Front 98

Twin - twin transfusion syndrome?

Back 98

Shunting of venous or arterial blood from one twin to another through placental circulation.

Front 99

Twin-reversed arterial perfusion sequence is?

Back 99

Acardiac twinning

Front 100

What’s zygosity?

Back 100

Related to number of zygotes (fertilized ova)

Front 101

What’s a vanishing twin?

Back 101

Death and reabsorption of a twin.

Front 102

What’s a vanishing twin?

Back 102

Death and reabsorption of a twin.

Front 103

Define zygote?

Back 103

Cell form by the two gametes uniting. First stage of a fertilized ovum.

Front 104

This lab is elevated with multiple gestation with clinical indication for larger for dates?

Back 104

HCG

Front 105

With multiple gestation what are the higher risks?

Back 105

Twins: Four times higher risk of fetal mortality. Six times higher neonatal morbidity rate.

Front 106

What influences twins?

Back 106

Maternal history, ART, ovulation induction drugs, advanced maternal age, maternal obesity.

Front 107

What influences twins?

Back 107

Maternal history, ART, ovulation induction drugs, advanced maternal age, maternal obesity.

Front 108

This is more likely for not only having multiple gestation but heterotopic pregnancies?

Back 108

Assistive reproductive therapy and hx of ovulation induction drugs

Front 109

Zygote versus ovum?

Back 109

Zygote: fertilized egg.

Ovum- unfertilized egg

Front 110

What’s the most common form of twinning?

Back 110

Dizygotic twinning; fraternal Twins

Front 111

Zygote splits before 4 days?

Zygote splits between 4-8 days?

Zygote splits late?

Back 111

Dichorionic, Diamniotic

Monochorionic, Diamniotic

Monochorionic, monoamniotic

Front 112

Zygote splits before 4 days?

Zygote splits between 4-8 days?

Zygote splits late beyond 8 days?

Back 112

Dichorionic, Diamniotic

Monochorionic, Diamniotic

Monochorionic, monoamniotic

Front 113

For monozygotic, what is the most common twin?

Back 113

Monochorionic, Diamniotic.

Front 114

What is the least probable monozygotic twinning to occur?

Back 114

Monochorionic, monoamniotic

Front 115

What is the least probable monozygotic twinning to occur?

Back 115

Monochorionic, monoamniotic

Front 116

What zygosity carries an additional risk for conjoined twins?

Back 116

Monozygotic- monochorionic, monoamniotic.

Front 117

First trimester, presence of one yolk sac and two fetuses is indicative for?

Two yolk sacs is indicative for?

Back 117

Monoamniotic gestation.

Diamniotic gestation.

Front 118

On patient, sono finding- Membrane is thin and seen separating at the junction point with the placenta: T sign. represents which pregnancy?

Back 118

Monochorionic, Diamniotic

Front 119

Complication that has a high mortality rate for monochorionic Twins?

Back 119

Twin - twin transfusion syndrome

Front 120

Acardiac twinning May also be referred to as?

Back 120

TRAP syndrome, acardiac parabiotic twinning

Front 121

Finding- discordant fetal growth, polyhydramnios in one amniotic sac, Oligohydramnios in other amniotic sac. Monochorionic twinning.

Back 121

Twin - twin transfusion syndrome

Front 122

What is the most common forms of conjoining twinning?

Back 122

Thoracopagus and omphalopagus

Front 123

Ischiopagus means?

Back 123

Joined at the pelvis

Front 124

Triplets and quadruplet pregnancies result from?

Back 124

Ovulation induction, in vitro fertilization.

Front 125

Triplets and quadruplet pregnancies result from?

Back 125

Ovulation induction, in vitro fertilization.

Front 126

Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as?

A. Monoamniotic, dichorionic

B. Dichorionic, monoamniotic

C. This does not occur

D. Monochorionic, Diamniotic

Back 126

C. This does not occur

Front 127

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:

A. TTTS

B. Twin embolization syndrome

C. Twin peak sign

D. Conjoined Twins

Back 127

A. TTTS

Front 128

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:

A. TTTS

B. Twin embolization syndrome

C. Twin peak sign

D. Conjoined Twins

Back 128

A. TTTS

Front 129

Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning?

A. Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins

B. Monochorionic monoamniotic twins

C. Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins

D. All the above

Back 129

C. Dichorionic Diamniotic

Front 130

Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?

A. Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins

B. Monochorionic monamniotic Twins

C. Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins

D. All the above

Back 130

D. All the above

Front 131

Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?

A. Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins

B. Monochorionic monamniotic Twins

C. Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins

D. All the above

Back 131

D. All the above

Front 132

All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestation except?

A. Preterm delivery

B. High birth weight

C. Maternal anemia

D. Maternal preeclampsia

Back 132

B. High birth weight