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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Does zygosity change |
No |
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Zygosity depends on |
How many eggs are fertilized (1 or 2) |
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Dyzygotic come from |
2 eggs |
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Dizygotic aka |
Fraternal twins |
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Most common type of twins |
Dizygotic |
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What are the genders in dizygotic twins |
Same or different -2 types |
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Dizygotic twins have |
2 of everything-placenta may be fused
And thick membrane between sacs |
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How can dizygotic twins be confirmed |
With different genders |
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Dizygotic twins are always |
Dichorionic diamniotic |
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Monozygotic twins aka |
Identical twins |
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Monozygotic twins |
1 egg that divides |
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What are the genders at monozygotic twins |
Always the same -mono gender |
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How many chorions amnions and placenta are there with monozygotic twins? |
Depends on when the egg divides |
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Monozygotic twins can be |
Di/di Mono/di Mono/mono |
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When can monozygotic pregnancy give di/di type |
When the morula divides during the first 4 days |
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When can monozygotic pregnancy give mono/di type |
When morula dividesduring first week |
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When can a monozygotic pregnancy give mono/mono type |
When morula divides during the second week |
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What happens if morula divides after day 13? |
Conjoined twins |
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In what type of twins placenta may be fused |
Both types of di/di We have 2 placentas only in this pregnancy |
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Can we tell from US if di/di type comes from dizygotic or monozygotic |
They look exactly the same except if the fetuses have different gender that means its a dizygotic pregnancy |
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Monochorionic/ diamniotic will habe |
One sac/ chorion One placenta 2 amnions-thin 2 yolk sacs |
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Monochorionic monoamniotic will have |
1 sac 1amnion 1placenta 1yock sack |
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Most common type of monozygotic twins |
Mono/di |
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Least common monozygotic twins |
Mono/mono |
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US sign for dichorionic pregnancy |
Lambda Delta Twin peak |
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Clinicals sign for multiple gestation |
Increased hCG Increased maternal serum AFP Increased uterine size-large for dates |
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Eval of chorionicity and amnionicity is best done in |
First trimester |
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Vanishing twin US findings |
Faiure to demonstrates multiple sacs on seria sonograms Failure of sac growing in twin gestation Irregular marginated sac
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What is TTTS |
Abnormal vascular anastamoses in the shared placenta that shunt blood away from the donor to the recipient twin |
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TTTS AKA |
Poly-Oli sequence |
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TTTS has increased morbidity for |
Mom And both twins |
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Treatments for TTTS |
Amnioreduction Fetoscopic lases photocoagulation of chorionic plate vessels |
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What is the difference in weight in TTTS |
20% in weight Or AC difference of >20mm
Mnemonic starts with T |
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What do we see in the donor twin |
Oligo Small for dates Stuck twin -no fluid |
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What do we see in the recipient twin |
Poly Poly Hydrops edema Large for dates |
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In what pregnancy does TTTS happen |
Monochorionic( that share one placenta) |
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Conjoined twins happen |
If morula divides after day 13 |
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Thoracopagus |
Joined at thorax- most common |
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Omphalopagus |
Xiphoid to umbilicus |
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Pyopagus |
Sacrum |
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Ischiopagus |
Ischium/pelvis |
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Craniophagus |
Head |
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Most common form of conjoined twins |
Thoracopagus |
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Thoraco-omphalopagus |
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TRAP sequence is |
Twin reversed arterial perfusion
Acardiac twinning Parabiotic twining |
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TRAP |
Abnorma anastomoses in shared placenta Artery will supply blood to acardiac twin |
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Acardiac twin will |
Move Have no heart No head Severe hydrops Edema
Mass of tissue |
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Donor twin in TRAP |
Will pump hard for the acardiac twin and will suffer from congenital heart failure |
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Fetus papyraceus |
Dead fetus in first trimester and maintained in uterus throughout pregnancy |
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Vanishing twin |
Death of one twin and reabsorption |
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Death of one twin usually affects the other twin in |
Monochorionic twins |
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Early death of one twin in monochorionic twins will cause |
Death of the other twin usually |
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Late death of one twin in monochorionic twins can cause |
Life threatening issues for the other twin such as twin embolization syndrome |
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Twin embolization syndrome |
Vascular products that travel from demized twin to the surviving twin and causes abnormalities in CNS, GU, GI |
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Which term relates to nr of placentas |
Chorionicity Placentation |
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TRAP and TTTS are both from |
Abnormal connections in the shared placenta in monochorionic twins |
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Zygosity shows only |
How many eggs do we start with |
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Chorionicity shows |
How many houses will we have (Remember each house will also have the curtains too=amnion) |
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Nr of chorions will equal |
Nr of placentas -may be fused |
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Nr of yolk sacs equals |
Nr of amnions |
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Twin peak sign is |
Extension of the placenta separating the chorions |
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