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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pneumonia |
=inflammation of the lungs Two types: 1.alveolar (bacterial) 2.interstitial (viral) |
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Alveolar Pneumonia |
exudation of the alveolar spaces -bronchopneumonia -lobar pneumonia |
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Interstitial pnemonia |
-affects alveolar septae rather than alveolar spaces |
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The pathogenesis of pneumonia |
-inhalation of air droplets -aspiration of infected secretions -hematogenous spread |
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What are some clinical features of pneumonia? |
-systemic: fever, chills -local: pleural inflammation --> chest pain -airway obstruction |
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What are the three complications of pneumonia? |
1. Pleurisy (pleuritis) = inflammation of the pleural surface 2. Abcess formation 2. Chronic lung disease |
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis |
chronic baterial disease (myobacterium tuberculosis - rod shaped) |
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Etiology and pathogenesis of TB |
Infection: tissue focus with viable organisms -infection is resolved in majority of persons -can remain dormant for years Disease: active illness with resultant morbidity -really due to the response of the body rather than the bacteria itself |
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What is a ghon focus? Ghon complex? |
A ghon focus is an inflammatory mass (granulomatous) with caseous necrosis in the lung Ghon complex = ghon focus + lymph nodes Component of primary infection |
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What is the response of infected organisms? |
-immune response may destroy the bacteria(may persist) -the inflammatory response of the immune response causes tissue damage -ghon complex can go dormant, no viable cells |
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Secondary tuberculosis |
-occurs in sensitized host --> reactivation of latent disease or re-exposure -cause isolated organ damage |
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How to definitively diagnose TB? |
find the organism - direct examination of infected material - culture of infected material - PCR identification from infected material |
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Obstructive lung disease |
-limitation of airflow due to increased resistance from partial/complete blockage of the airway at any level Asthma = episodic, bronchospasms reslting from exaggerated bronchoconstrictive response to stimuli COPD = emphysema + chronic bronchitis |
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Asthma |
Bronchial inflammation Thick, tenacious mucous plugs obstruct airway |
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COPD: emphysema |
abnormal, permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole
Types: centriacinar - dilatation of bronchiole and alveoli pan-acinar - all spaces distal to terminal bronchioles paraseptal - distal acinus affected proteolytic enzymes destroy the alveolar walls |
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COPD: bronchitis |
persistent, productive cough -mucus gland enlargement in airways -predisposition = obesity |
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Pink puffers vs blue bloaters |
Pink puffers (emphysema) - over expanded chest, prolonged expiration, tissues oxygenated = colour Blue bloaters (bronchitis) - obese, less respiratory drive, lack of oxygen leads to cyanosis (blue tinge) |
